72,234 articles
Flosequinan
Flosequinan (Manoplax), a Boots quinolone vasodilator for heart failure, improved symptoms and hemodynamics but raised mortality in the PROFILE trial and was voluntarily withdrawn in July 1993.
Flossie (cat)
Flossie (born 1995) is a British tortoiseshell cat, Guinness World Records' oldest living cat since November 2022; she turned 30 in 2025, far short of Creme Puff's 38-year all-time record.
Flossie Wong‐Staal
Flossie Wong-Staal, born Yee Ching Wong (1946–2020), was a Chinese-born American molecular virologist who first cloned HIV, proved it causes AIDS, and later led AIDS research at UCSD.
FLOT chemotherapy
FLOT chemotherapy combines docetaxel, oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil in two-week cycles around surgery for stomach and esophageal adenocarcinoma, replacing ECF as the standard after the FLOT4-AIO trial.
FLOT regimen
The FLOT regimen is a combination chemotherapy of docetaxel, fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin given every 14 days, used mainly as perioperative treatment for resectable gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
FLOT1
FLOT1 (flotillin 1, reggie-2) is a human protein-coding gene at 6p21.33 encoding flotillin-1, an SPFH-family scaffold protein of lipid rafts and caveolae that drives clathrin-independent endocytosis with flotillin-2 and is implicated in cancer and neurological disease.
FLOT2
FLOT2 (flotillin 2, ESA1, Reggie-1) is a human gene at 17q11.2 encoding a 428-aa SPFH-domain lipid raft scaffold protein. It forms 44-subunit dome complexes with FLOT1 on the inner plasma membrane and is implicated in cancer metastasis and podocyte injury.
FLOTCH syndrome
FLOTCH syndrome (leukonychia totalis-trichilemmal cysts-ciliary dystrophy syndrome, ORPHA:2045) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant cutaneous disorder with leukonychia totalis and recurrent pilar cysts, sometimes with ciliary dystrophy, koilonychia, or renal calculi; genetic cause unknown.
Flounder
Flounder: common name for flatfishes (order Pleuronectiformes, families Bothidae, Pleuronectidae, Paralichthyidae) with both eyes on one side of a flattened body; includes summer, winter, and arrowtooth flounder; distinct from halibut and sole.
Flour
Flour, powder milled from cereal grains, chiefly wheat endosperm; wholemeal keeps bran and germ. Covers milling history, protein grades, gluten, fortification, and whole-grain health evidence.
Flour mite
Flour mite (Acarus siro, grain mite, synonym Tyroglyphus farinae), a stored-product mite pest of flour and cheese; species complex with A. farris and A. immobilis; causes occupational asthma and grocer's itch.
Flow diverter
Flow diverter: braided intracranial stent (Pipeline, Surpass, Silk) placed across an aneurysm neck to divert flow, cause thrombosis, and enable endothelial healing; needs dual antiplatelet therapy.
Flow limitation in the iliac artery
Flow limitation in the iliac artery (FLIA) is an exertional leg ischemia in endurance athletes, mainly cyclists, caused by endofibrosis, arterial kinking, or compression; diagnosed by provocative ABPI, Doppler, and NIRS testing.
FLOW trial (NCT03819153)
FLOW (NCT03819153), the Evaluate Renal Function With Semaglutide Once Weekly trial, was Novo Nordisk's phase 3 trial of once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg in 3,533 people with type 2 diabetes and CKD; stopped early after a 24% reduction in kidney outcomes.
FLOW-DCB trial
FLOW-DCB (NCT07852689) is a planned Korean multicenter randomized noninferiority trial comparing drug-coated balloon-based versus drug-eluting stent-only PCI in 100 adults with de novo coronary lesions, with distal FFR at 6 months as the primary outcome.
FLOW-HF trial
FLOW-HF (NCT06554912), also FLOWS-HF, a Grenoble interventional trial testing safety and feasibility of lymphatic decompression in chronic heart failure with recurrent congestion; listed as withdrawn.
Flower
Flower: the reproductive structure of angiosperms, bearing anthers and stigma for pollen transfer and seed formation. Over 80% of flowering plant species need animal pollination; explosive early diversification produced over 80% of extant angiosperm orders.
Flower constancy
Flower constancy is the tendency of a pollinating insect, such as a bee, to visit only a restricted number of flower species during a foraging trip.
Flower Hall
Flower Hall, or Floral Hall, a flowering-plant exhibition hall in botanical garden conservatories (Beijing, Osaka, Xiamen) and the name of historic event venues in London, Belfast, Hornsea, and Everett, Washington.
Flowerhorn cichlid
Flowerhorn cichlid (louhan), a man-made hybrid ornamental cichlid (Cichlasoma x Paraneetroplus x Amphilophus) prized for head humps; invasive in Lake Matano, Sulawesi, and Philippine lakes, dominating food webs and preying on endemic fish.
Flowering plant
Flowering plant (angiosperm): seed plants with ovules enclosed in an ovary that becomes a fruit. 250,000+ species versus ~1,000 gymnosperms; ANA grade basal; Mesangiospermae hold ~97% of species; classified by APG systems.
Floxuridine
Floxuridine, also called FUDR, is a fluorinated pyrimidine antimetabolite chemotherapy drug, FDA-approved in 1970 and given by continuous hepatic artery infusion, mainly for colorectal cancer that has spread to the liver.
Floyd E. Bloom
Floyd E. Bloom (1936–2025) was an American neuroscientist and physician who established norepinephrine as a brain neurotransmitter, chaired the neuropharmacology department at the Scripps Research Institute, and edited Science from 1995 to 2000.
Floyd E. Romesberg
Floyd E. Romesberg is an American biochemist and geneticist who spent most of his career at The Scripps Research Institute and created the first semi-synthetic organism, a bacterium with an added human-made DNA base pair.
Floyd J. Malveaux
Floyd J. Malveaux is an American physician-scientist in allergy and asthma who served as dean of Howard University College of Medicine and led the Merck Childhood Asthma Network.
Floyd W. Denny
Floyd W. Denny, Jr. was an American pediatrician and infectious-disease researcher who chaired pediatrics at UNC Chapel Hill for twenty years and defined the epidemiology of childhood respiratory infections.
FLP-FRT recombination
FLP-FRT recombination: the flippase (FLP) recombinase from the yeast 2 microns plasmid recombines 34 bp FRT sites; used for gene integration, marker excision, and conditional genetics, alongside but less efficient than Cre-lox in mammals.
FLT3
FLT3 (fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3, CD135, FLK2) is a class III receptor tyrosine kinase gene on 13q12 regulating hematopoiesis; mutated in about 30% of AML, mainly ITD and D835 TKD mutations, targeted by midostaurin, quizartinib, and gilteritinib.
Flt3 ligand
Flt3 ligand (FLT3L, FL, CDX-301, Mobista) is a hematopoietic cytokine binding the Flt3/CD135 receptor tyrosine kinase; it expands early progenitors and dendritic cells, synergizes with other growth factors, and is used in cancer vaccine trials.
FLT4
FLT4 (VEGFR3, FLT-4), human gene ID 2324 on chromosome 5, encodes the VEGFC/VEGFD receptor tyrosine kinase driving lymphangiogenesis; mutations cause Milroy disease lymphedema and predispose to Tetralogy of Fallot.