72,234 articles
Formicidae
Formicidae (ants, fourmis) is the eusocial hymenopteran family established by Latreille in 1802, with 16 extant subfamilies, 349 genera, and 14,510 valid species, Cretaceous origin, and dominant terrestrial biomass.
Formiminoglutamic aciduria
Formiminoglutamic aciduria, also called FTCD deficiency, is a rare inherited folate metabolism disorder causing buildup of FIGLU, with symptoms ranging from developmental delay to none.
Formononetin
Formononetin is an O-methylated isoflavone and phytoestrogen found mainly in legumes, especially red clover, which plants use to make defensive phytoalexins and animals convert to equol.
Formothion
Formothion (CAS 2540-82-1), also sold as Anthio or Aflix, is an organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide, a dimethoate derivative; its ADI was withdrawn in 1996 and it is not EU-approved.
Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase
Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase (Fmd/Fwd) is a Mo- or W-containing archaeal enzyme complex that reduces CO2 and condenses it with methanofuran to formyl-methanofuran, the first step of methanogenesis, using ferredoxin electrons.
Forodesine
Forodesine (BCX-1777, Immucillin H, Mundesine) is a transition-state analogue inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase for T-cell malignancies; approved in Japan 2017 for relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not elsewhere.
Forrest F. Weight
Forrest F. Weight is a neuroscientist in synaptic electrophysiology who worked at St. Elizabeths Hospital and NIAAA, showing ethanol inhibits NMDA receptors at intoxicating concentrations.
Forskolin
Forskolin (coleonol), a labdane diterpenoid from Coleus forskohlii roots, directly activates adenylyl cyclase to raise cAMP; a research tool, drug lead, and unproven weight-loss supplement.
Forsythia
Forsythia (golden bells, lian qiao shu) is a genus of about 11 East Asian deciduous shrubs in Oleaceae with yellow early-spring flowers on bare branches; most garden clones derive from the hybrid F. × intermedia, and flowers are heterostylous.
Forsythia suspensa
Forsythia suspensa (连翘), weeping forsythia, Oleaceae shrub native to China; golden spring flowers on pendulous hollow-pith branches; source of TCM drug Forsythiae Fructus (lianqiao); parent of Forsythia × intermedia.
Fortingall Yew
Fortingall Yew: ancient common yew (Taxus baccata) in Fortingall churchyard, Perthshire, Scotland; often called Britain's or Europe's oldest tree, estimated 2,000-3,000 years old, girth 52 ft in 1769, now fragmented, reported changing sex in 2015.
Fortis Healthcare
Fortis Healthcare Limited, an IHH Healthcare Berhad company, is a leading Indian integrated hospital and diagnostics provider: 36 facilities across 12 states, 6,150+ beds, Agilus Diagnostics, FY26 hospital revenue ₹7,773 crore.
Fortunato Ciardiello
Fortunato Ciardiello, born in Naples in 1960, is an Italian medical oncologist and professor at the University of Campania whose work established RAS mutation testing before anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer.
Forward genetics
Forward genetics is a genetics approach that identifies genes underlying a phenotype by randomly mutagenizing organisms, screening descendants for a trait, and mapping the causal mutation.
FORWARD study
FORWARD study (NCT02592369): Medtronic-sponsored prospective single-arm registry of TAVR with the Evolut R valve in 1,040 real-world patients at 53 sites in 2016; 30-day mortality 1.9%, 1-year mortality 8.9%.
Fosamine
Fosamine (fosamine ammonium, DPX 1108, Krenite) is an organophosphonate herbicide and plant growth regulator for brush control on noncropland rights-of-way; low toxicity, soil half-life about 8 days, no food uses.
Fosamprenavir
Fosamprenavir (Lexiva, Telzir) is a prodrug of the HIV protease inhibitor amprenavir, approved by the FDA in 2003 and EMA in 2004; EU marketing was withdrawn in November 2025 and U.S. use is no longer common.
Fosaprepitant
Fosaprepitant (Ivemend, Emend for Injection) is an intravenous prodrug of the NK1 receptor antagonist aprepitant, converted within 30 minutes, used with a 5-HT3 antagonist and dexamethasone to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in adults and children 6 months and older.
Fosbretabulin
Fosbretabulin (CA4P, ZYBRESTAT, combretastatin A4 phosphate) is an investigational vascular disrupting agent, a tubulin-binding prodrug from Combretum caffrum that collapses tumor blood vessels; trialed in thyroid, lung, and ovarian cancer without proven survival benefit.
Foscarnet
Foscarnet (trisodium phosphonoformate), sold as Foscavir, is an intravenous antiviral that blocks viral DNA polymerase and is used for CMV retinitis and resistant herpes infections.
Fosdenopterin
Fosdenopterin (Nulibry), synthetic cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate, is the first approved therapy for molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A, given as daily IV infusion; FDA approved February 2021, EMA September 2022, MHRA April 2024.
Fosetyl
Fosetyl (fosetyl-aluminium, Aliette) is a systemic organophosphonate fungicide and bactericide against Phytophthora and Pythium, first registered in France in 1977, FRAC class P07, EU approval extended to 31 January 2028.
Fosfomycin
Fosfomycin (fosfomycin tromethamine, Monurol; IV form CONTEPO) is a phosphonate epoxide antibiotic inhibiting MurA cell wall synthesis, used as a single 3-g oral dose for uncomplicated UTI and intravenously for complicated UTI.
Fosgemcitabine palabenamide
Fosgemcitabine palabenamide (NUC-1031, Acelarin) is an investigational ProTide prodrug of gemcitabine for cancer, designed to bypass hENT1 transport, dCK activation, and CDA breakdown; its phase III biliary tract trial missed its survival endpoint.
Foshou San
佛手散 (Foshousan), also 芎归汤, a classic Chinese medicine formula first named in Xu Shuwei's 《普济本事方》 (c. 1132), of danggui and chuanxiong; a five-herb variant from 《妇人大全良方》 entered China's 2023 classic-formula catalog.
Fosinopril
Fosinopril (Monopril) is an ACE inhibitor prodrug converted to fosinoprilat, approved in 1991 for hypertension and adjunctive heart failure therapy; dosed 10-40 mg once daily, dual liver-kidney elimination, boxed fetal toxicity warning.
FOSL1
FOSL1 (Fra-1, FOS like 1) is a gene on chromosome 11q13.1 encoding an AP-1 transcription factor subunit overexpressed in most solid tumors, driving EMT, metastasis, glycolysis, and therapy resistance, with no approved targeted drug yet.
FOSL2
FOSL2 (Fra-2, FRA2, ACED; HGNC:3798) is a human chromosome 2p23.2 gene encoding a leucine-zipper AP-1 transcription factor subunit that dimerizes with Jun proteins, regulating bone formation, fibrosis, immunity, and cancer.
Foslevodopa
Foslevodopa (levodopa-4'-monophosphate, ABBV-951 with foscarbidopa; Vyalev, Produodopa) is a phosphate prodrug of levodopa given by continuous subcutaneous infusion for motor fluctuations in advanced Parkinson's disease.
Fosmetpantotenate
Fosmetpantotenate (RE-024) is a discontinued Retrophin phosphopantothenate prodrug for pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN); safe in the phase 3 FORT trial but failed to improve PKAN-ADL function.