72,234 articles
Fowl typhoid
Fowl typhoid, also called avian typhosis (tifosis aviar), is a septicaemic poultry disease caused by Salmonella Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum, affecting mainly mature chickens and turkeys, transmitted vertically and horizontally, eradicated from commercial poultry in the US and Canada.
Fowler urethral sphincter dysfunction syndrome
Fowler urethral sphincter dysfunction syndrome, also known as Fowler-Christmas-Chapple syndrome, is a rare disorder of young women causing painless urinary retention over 1 liter with loss of bladder sensation.
Fowler's position
Fowler's position: semi-upright bed position with head elevated 45–60 degrees (semi-Fowler 30–45, high Fowler 60–90), used to ease breathing, aid eating, and reduce aspiration and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Fowzan S. Alkuraya
Fowzan S. Alkuraya is a Saudi human geneticist, Professor of Human Genetics at Alfaisal University, known for defining the autozygome and discovering human knockout genes.
Fox
Fox: small canids of the genus Vulpes, named by Just Leopold Frisch in 1775; smaller than most canids, with the desert fennec fox adapted by thin coat and large ears, and red foxes showing dog-like traits under selection for tameness.
Fox (disambiguation)
Fox (disambiguation): the canid mammal (red fox, Vulpes vulpes), the Old English word from PIE puk- 'tail', the Algonquian Fox people, figurative senses, and fox folklore such as kitsune and huli jing.
Fox Chase Cancer Center
Fox Chase Cancer Center: NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center in Philadelphia, formed 1974 from the American Oncologic Hospital (1904) and Institute for Cancer Research; home of the Philadelphia chromosome discovery, two Nobel Prizes, and part of Temple University Health System since 2012.
Fox squirrel
Fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), also eastern fox squirrel or Bryant's fox squirrel: largest North American tree squirrel, 600-1,300 g, rusty-orange belly, eastern/central US into Mexico, introduced westward; open pine-oak woods, scatter-hoards nuts, least concern.
Fox Terrier
Fox Terrier: British terrier breed from late-18th-century foxhunts, with Smooth and Wire varieties (separate AKC breeds since 1985) and the smaller American Toy Fox Terrier; known for prey drive, energy, and Westminster Best-in-Show wins.
FOXA1
FOXA1 (forkhead box A1, formerly HNF3α) is a pioneer transcription factor that binds closed chromatin and opens it without ATP-dependent remodelers; it directs ER and AR signaling in breast and prostate cancer.
FOXC1
FOXC1 (forkhead box C1, formerly FKHL7/FREAC3) is a single-exon transcription factor gene on chromosome 6p25.3; mutations cause Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 3, glaucoma, and Peters anomaly, and overexpression occurs in over 16 cancers.
Foxfire
Foxfire, also called fairy fire, is the green bioluminescent glow (520–530 nm) from fungi such as Armillaria in decaying wood, produced via the Caffeic Acid Cycle luciferin pathway.
FOXG1
FOXG1 (forkhead box G1), a transcription factor gene on chromosome 14q12 essential for forebrain development; mutations cause FOXG1 syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder, now targeted by the AAV9 gene therapy FRF-001 in a parent-sponsored clinical trial.
FOXG1 syndrome
FOXG1 syndrome, also called FOXG1-related encephalopathy or congenital variant of Rett syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by FOXG1 variants or 14q12 deletions, causing microcephaly, severe intellectual disability, dyskinesia, epilepsy, and absent speech.
Foxhound
Foxhound: pack scent hound for fox hunting, in English and American varieties. English Foxhound dates to late 1500s Britain; American Foxhound was developed from it by George Washington and others for faster pursuit over open terrain.
FOXL2
FOXL2 (forkhead box L2) is a single-exon gene at 3q22.3 encoding a forkhead transcription factor central to ovarian development. Germline mutations cause BPES with premature ovarian failure; the somatic C134W mutation marks 97% of adult granulosa cell tumors.
FOXO1
FOXO1 (forkhead box O1, FKHR, FOXO1A), Gene ID 2308 at 13q14.11, encodes an insulin-suppressed forkhead transcription factor regulating metabolism, β-cell survival, apoptosis, and stress resistance; AKT phosphorylates it at T24/S256/S319, and it is a context-dependent cancer target.
FOXO3
FOXO3 (forkhead box O3, formerly FKHRL1/FOXO3A) is a human chromosome 6q21 transcription factor gene regulating apoptosis, autophagy, and stress resistance; with APOE it is the most consistently longevity-replicated human gene.
FOXP1
FOXP1 (forkhead box P1, HGNC 3823, Gene ID 27086) is a human chromosome 3p13 transcription factor gene of the FOX family; loss-of-function causes FOXP1 syndrome with intellectual disability, speech impairment, and autism, and the gene may act as a tumor suppressor.
FOXP1 Syndrome
FOXP1 syndrome is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations or deletions disrupting the FOXP1 gene, marked by intellectual disability, speech and language impairment, and autism.
FOXP2
FOXP2 (forkhead box P2, SPCH1, CAGH44) is a chromosome 7 transcription factor gene, the first tied to a speech and language disorder via the KE family, regulating hundreds of genes.
FOXP3
FOXP3 (forkhead box P3) is an X-linked transcription factor, also called scurfin, essential for regulatory T cell development; mutations cause IPEX syndrome and the mouse scurfy phenotype, work central to the 2025 Nobel Prize.
Foxtail (diaspore)
Foxtail (diaspore): barbed grass seed-dispersal units from Hordeum jubatum and Setaria species whose one-way awns self-bury in soil but lodge in animals, migrating through tissue; removal is the only treatment.
Foxtail millet
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), also called Italian or German millet, is a C4 cereal domesticated in northern China about 8,700 years ago, grown for grain and hay, with high water-use efficiency and about 12.3 g protein per 100 g.
FPAF
FPAF (CVCL_E668, also FPF, FPA, GM03106, GM3106) is an EBV-transformed human B-lymphoblastoid cell line from an Ashkenazi Jewish male, a 10th International Histocompatibility Workshop reference panel line with fully typed HLA class I and II alleles.
FPP3 study
FPP3 (Nutritional Regulation of Wound Inflammation: Part III, NCT02332993) is a completed Ohio State University observational cohort study of fermented papaya preparation (ImmunAge) supplementation, 3 g three times daily for 12 weeks, in type 2 diabetics with wounds on negative pressure therapy, reporting improved wound closure and wound-cell NADPH oxidase activity.
FPR1
FPR1 (formyl peptide receptor 1, also FPR/FMLP) is a human chromosome 19q13.41 gene encoding a 350-residue Gi-coupled seven-transmembrane GPCR on phagocytes; it is the high-affinity receptor for fMLF and mediates host defense and inflammation.
FPR2
FPR2 (formyl peptide receptor 2; ALX, ALXR, FPRL1) is a human Gi-coupled GPCR at 19q13.41, 351 aa, 69% identical to FPR1, binding lipoxin A4, annexin A1, resolvin D1, and formyl peptides, regulating inflammation resolution.
FPRL1 inhibitory protein
FPRL1 inhibitory protein (FLIPr), gene flr, is a secreted Staphylococcus aureus virulence protein, 133 aa, that binds human FPRL1/FPR2 and blocks leukocyte calcium mobilization and chemotaxis, distinct from CHIPS and FLIPr-like.
Fra a 1
Fra a 1 is the major strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit allergen, a PR-10 protein homologous to birch pollen Bet v 1; isoform Fra a 1.02 is most potent, causing oral allergy syndrome in birch-pollen-allergic patients.