72,234 articles
Fungus-growing ants
Fungus-growing ants (tribe Attini, ~230 species, 14 genera) cultivate fungi for food in obligate mutualism, agriculture originating once ~50 mya in South America, with five systems including leaf-cutter farming of Leucoagaricus gongylophorus defended against Escovopsis by Pseudonocardia bacteria.
Fungus-induced protein
Fungus-induced proteins are host proteins, chiefly plant pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in 17 families, produced in response to fungal infection, perceived via chitin and salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, or ethylene signaling.
Fur
Fur, also called animal hair, is the coat of hair covering a mammal's skin. Hair and fur are biologically identical, and the complete coat is called the pelage.
Fur Formation
The Fur Formation, known in Danish as moler, is a Danish clayey diatomite deposit about 55 million years old, famed for its exceptionally preserved early Eocene fossils.
Fur seal
Fur seals are eared seals (Otariidae) related to sea lions, insulated by dense fur trapping air rather than blubber. Hunted nearly to extinction for pelts; northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus is the earliest-diverging otariid.
Furalaxyl
Furalaxyl (CGA 38140, IPE 134) is a systemic phenylamide (acylalanine) fungicide, FRAC code 4, inhibiting RNA polymerase I to control oomycete (Peronosporales) diseases, mainly in ornamental plants; racemic, CAS 57646-30-7.
Furaprevir
Furaprevir (TG-2349) is an investigational HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor developed by TaiGen and Dongguan HEC TaiGen for chronic hepatitis C; it reached Phase 3 combination trials with yimitasvir but was never approved and development was abandoned in 2023.
Furathiocarb
Furathiocarb (CAS 65907-30-4), a carbamate IRAC group 1A soil insecticide, WHO Class IB highly hazardous, acts via acetylcholinesterase inhibition and degrades rapidly to carbofuran; not EU-approved or US-registered.
Furcifer
Furcifer (Fitzinger, 1843) is a genus of about 24 chameleon species endemic to Madagascar and the Comoros, including the panther chameleon F. pardalis and the giant F. oustaleti; formerly placed in Chamaeleo, CITES Appendix II.
Furconazole
Furconazole is a triazole (DMI) agricultural fungicide, chemical name 5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) tetrahydro-5-(triazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-furyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether; its cis-isomer mixture is furconazole-cis (CAS 112839-32-4), and it is not approved in the EU.
Furin
Furin (PACE, PCSK3) is the first-identified mammalian proprotein convertase, a trans-Golgi calcium-dependent serine endoprotease cleaving multibasic motifs; it activates 150+ proproteins, viral spikes including SARS-CoV-2, and drives cancer and neurological disease pathways.
Furin-like cysteine-rich domain
Furin-like cysteine-rich domain (Pfam PF00757, InterPro IPR006211): a conserved cysteine-rich extracellular protein domain named after furin, found in proprotein convertases and receptor tyrosine kinases such as the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, dispensable for furin's protease activity but involved in ectodomain shedding.
Furmecyclox
Furmecyclox (BAS 389F, CAS 60568-05-0) is an obsolete systemic furamide (SDHI, FRAC 7) fungicide and wood preservative from BASF, not EU-approved, classified by US EPA IRIS as a B2 probable human carcinogen.
Furnariidae
Furnariidae, the ovenbirds, woodcreepers, and spinetails, is a Neotropical passerine family of about 318 species in 71 genera, famed for extraordinary nest diversity including the mud oven nests of Furnarius horneros.
Furnarius
Furnarius (horneros) is a South American genus of ovenbirds, family Furnariidae, erected by Vieillot in 1816; species such as the Rufous Hornero build oven-shaped mud-and-saliva nests that work as incubation chambers.
Furo
Furo (Gistl 1848, replacing Eugnathus Agassiz 1843) is an extinct halecomorph fossil fish genus from the Triassic to Upper Jurassic of Europe, with six provisional species in the German Solnhofen and Nusplingen Plattenkalk and type species F. orthostomus.
Furosemide
Furosemide, also known as frusemide and sold as Lasix, is a loop diuretic introduced in 1962 and used to treat edema from heart failure, cirrhosis, and kidney disease.
Furuncular myiasis
Furuncular myiasis, also called botfly or tumbu fly myiasis, is a boil-like cutaneous infestation by fly larvae, mainly Dermatobia hominis in the Americas and Cordylobia anthropophaga in Africa, treated by occlusion, ivermectin, and larval extraction.
Fusafungine
Fusafungine (Bioparox, Locabiotal) is a fungal enniatin peptide antibiotic and anti-inflammatory nasal/oromucosal spray from Fusarium lateritium, authorised in Europe in 1963 and withdrawn in 2016 over serious allergic reactions and weak efficacy evidence.
Fusariosis
Fusariosis (Fusarium infection) is disease caused by Fusarium molds from soil and water, causing keratitis, onychomycosis, and, in immunocompromised patients, disseminated infection with fever, skin lesions, and positive blood cultures.
Fusarium
Fusarium is a genus of filamentous fungi including major plant pathogens (F. graminearum, F. oxysporum), mycotoxin producers (trichothecenes, fumonisins), and opportunistic human pathogens, with contested taxonomy and species complexes.
Fusarium circinatum
Fusarium circinatum, with the sexual form Gibberella circinata, is a fungus causing pine pitch canker, a serious disease of pines and Douglas fir first recorded in 1945.
Fusarium ear blight
Fusarium ear blight (Fusarium head blight, scab) is a fungal cereal disease caused mainly by the Fusarium graminearum species complex, infecting wheat and barley heads at flowering, cutting yields over 50% in severe epidemics and contaminating grain with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone mycotoxins.
Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium oxysporum, a soil-borne ascomycete and species complex (FOSC), causes vascular wilt in over 100 plant species; defined by formae speciales, cryptic species, and horizontally transferred pathogenicity chromosomes.
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) is a soil-borne fungus causing Panama disease, the Fusarium wilt of banana; its tropical race 4 threatens Cavendish cultivars, which supply 99% of banana exports.
Fusarium wilt
Fusarium wilt, a vascular plant disease caused by soilborne Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales, blocks xylem water transport; includes Panama disease (TR4) of banana, SIX effectors, chlamydospore survival over 30 years, and integrated management.
Fusarium wilt of chickpea
Fusarium wilt of chickpea, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (FOC), a soilborne fungus with eight races and two pathotypes, causing 10-15% annual chickpea yield losses and up to 100% in epidemics; managed by resistant cultivars, clean seed, sowing date, and biocontrol.
Fused fingers
Fused fingers, or syndactyly, is a congenital fusion of adjacent digits, simple (soft tissue) or complex (bony, ICD-11 LB79.0). Occurs in about 1 in 2,000 births; surgery between 18 and 24 months separates digits with flaps and grafts.
Fused mandibular incisors
Fused mandibular incisors (ORPHA:2287, OMIM 147251) is an extremely rare dental anomaly in which two normally separated lower incisor tooth germs of the primary dentition unite, often with hypodontia and pulp exposure risk; distinguished from gemination by tooth count.
Fused pelvic kidney
Fused pelvic kidney, also called pancake or cake kidney (ICD-11 LB30.61), is a rare complete renal fusion anomaly: both kidneys fuse into one pelvic mass drained by two ureters that do not cross the midline, unlike crossed fused ectopia.