72,234 articles
Gagandeep Kang
Gagandeep Kang (गगनदीप कांग) is an Indian physician-scientist known for research on enteric infections in children and for trials that carried the Indian-made rotavirus vaccine Rotavac into India's national immunization program.
Gagea
Gagea (yellow stars-of-Bethlehem, goose onion) is a large, taxonomically difficult genus of bulbous Liliaceae herbs native to temperate Eurasia, North Africa, and subalpine North America, with roughly 229 to over 320 species and the former genus Lloydia now merged into it.
Gaia hypothesis
Gaia hypothesis: James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis's 1970s proposal that Earth's temperature, albedo, and surface chemistry are homeostatically regulated by the total biota; contested by evolutionary biologists, defended via the Daisyworld model, and foundational to Earth system science.
Gaia Novarino
Gaia Novarino is an Italian neuroscientist and professor at ISTA whose work shows some autism and epilepsy cases stem from amino acid defects and may be diet-treatable.
Gail Cardew
Gail Cardew is a British biologist who was Director of Science and Education at the Royal Institution and became the Linnean Society's first CEO in 2021.
Gail D’Onofrio
Gail D'Onofrio is an American emergency physician and addiction-medicine researcher at Yale, known for showing that starting buprenorphine in the emergency department boosts treatment engagement.
Gail E. Besner
Gail E. Besner (Gail Ellen Besner) is an American pediatric surgeon-scientist, chief of Pediatric Surgery at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, known for discovering the growth factor HB-EGF.
Gail E. Sonenshein
Gail E. Sonenshein is a molecular biologist and professor at Tufts University School of Medicine who studies nuclear oncogenes in breast cancer and co-founded Adecto Pharmaceuticals in 2014 to develop ADAM8 antibody therapeutics.
Gail G. Harrison
Gail G. Harrison, born Gail Kathleen Grigsby (1943–2015), was an American public health nutrition scientist at UCLA whose research on food insecurity shaped the federal WIC program.
Gail L. Warden
Gail L. Warden is an American health care executive who led the Henry Ford Health System in Detroit as president and CEO from 1988 to 2003.
Gail Mandel
Gail Mandel is an American molecular neuroscientist at the Vollum Institute of Oregon Health & Science University, known for discovering REST and developing site-directed RNA editing.
Gail R. Martin
Gail R. Martin was an American developmental biologist at UCSF who in 1981 derived pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryos and coined the term "embryonic stem cells".
Gail Shea
Gail Shea (born 1959, Skinners Pond, PEI) is a Canadian Conservative politician, MP for Egmont 2008-2015, twice Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, also National Revenue and ACOA minister, first PEI woman in federal cabinet.
Gaillardia
Gaillardia (blanket flower, firewheel) is an Asteraceae genus of about 20-30 species native to North and southern South America, described in 1786, with red-and-yellow heads, the garden hybrid G. x grandiflora, and invasive G. aristata in Hungary.
Gain-of-function research
Gain-of-function research deliberately modifies organisms, typically pathogens, to enhance traits like transmissibility or virulence; most such research is benign human genetics, but a small pandemic-potential subset drove the 2014 US funding pause and the 2025-2026 dangerous gain-of-function prohibition.
Gait
Gait: the pattern of human or animal walking and running, analyzed via the gait cycle (60% stance, 40% swing). Also called locomotion analysis; measured by observational, 3D laboratory, wearable IMU, and video methods.
Gait analysis
Gait analysis is the clinical recording and interpretation of walking measurements, using motion capture, force plates, and EMG to diagnose gait disorders and plan treatment.
Gait training
Gait training is a rehabilitation therapy using repetitive walking practice, assistive devices, or robotic aids to improve walking after stroke, spinal cord injury, and other impairments.
Gal d 4
Gal d 4 is the WHO/IUIS allergen name for lysozyme C, a 14.3 kDa antibacterial egg white protein of Gallus gallus domesticus; also called Gal d IV, k208, E1105, a food and pharmaceutical preservative allergen.
GAL4/UAS system
GAL4/UAS system: bipartite Drosophila gene-expression method (Brand & Perrimon 1993) using yeast GAL4 drivers and UAS responders, with GAL80, split-GAL4, and LexA/Q-system analogs.
Gala (apple)
Gala is a New Zealand apple cultivar from the 1930s, a Kidd's Orange Red × Golden Delicious cross by J.H. Kidd; sweet, crisp, medium-sized, and the top US apple variety at about 16% of production.
GALA-FD trial
GALA-FD (NCT06416657) is a randomized trial at Beijing Tiantan Hospital comparing general anesthesia with local anesthesia alone for flow diverter treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms; 188 participants, primary outcome mRS ≤2 at 90 days.
Galacto-oligosaccharides
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), also called transgalacto-oligosaccharides, are prebiotic β-linked galactose chains made from lactose by β-galactosidase, used in infant formula and foods.
Galactokinase deficiency
Galactokinase deficiency (GALK, galactosemia type II, OMIM 230200) is an autosomal recessive GALK1 enzyme defect causing galactitol-driven infantile cataract, sometimes pseudotumor cerebri, treated with a lifelong galactose-restricted diet.
Galactorrhea (γαλακτόρροια)
Galactorrhea (γαλακτόρροια), non-lactational breast milk production, affects about 20-25% of women; usually from medication-induced hyperprolactinemia or prolactinomas, treated with cabergoline.
Galactorrhoea
Galactorrhoea, also spelled galactorrhea, is milky nipple discharge unrelated to childbirth or nursing. It is a clinical sign rather than a disease, often caused by high prolactin from medications or pituit tumors.
Galactose epimerase deficiency
Galactose epimerase deficiency (GALE deficiency, galactosemia type III, OMIM 230350) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the GALE gene (1p36) with generalized, intermediate, and peripheral forms, treated by galactose-restricted diet.
Galactose mutarotase deficiency
Galactose mutarotase deficiency, or GALM deficiency, type IV galactosemia, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of galactose metabolism caused by GALM gene variants, first defined in 2019 in Japan, causing neonatal galactosemia and cataracts.
Galactose-binding lectin
Galactose-binding lectin: carbohydrate-binding proteins recognizing galactose or GalNAc, chiefly animal galectins (formerly S-type lectins), galactose-type C-type lectins, bacterial PA-IL, and plant lectins like peanut agglutinin, with weak micromolar-millimolar single-site binding boosted by oligomer clustering.
Galactosemia
Galactosemia: inherited disorders of galactose metabolism (types I-IV; GALT, GALK1, GALE, GALM deficiency). Classic type I affects 1 in 30,000-60,000 newborns, treated with lifelong galactose-restricted diet; gene therapy JAG101 in development.