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Galvanic vestibular stimulation
Galvanic vestibular stimulation is a non-invasive technique that passes small currents through electrodes behind the ears to modulate the vestibular nerve, evoking sway and sensations of self-motion.
Gamasoidosis
Gamasoidosis, also called bird mite disease or fowl mite dermatitis, is human dermatitis from gamasid mite bites, chiefly Dermanyssus gallinae, the nocturnal poultry red mite that also bites people via nests and poultry houses.
Gambian pouched rat
Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus), also northern or Gambian giant pouched rat: Africa's largest rat, native West to Central Africa, Least Concern; trained by APOPO to detect land mines and tuberculosis; invasive on Grassy Key, Florida.
Gambiense trypanosomiasis
Gambiense trypanosomiasis (gambiense sleeping sickness, g-HAT, ICD-11 1F51.0) is the chronic form of human African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, tsetse-fly transmitted, human-reservoir, endemic in 24 west and central African countries, 92% of cases, treatable with fexinidazole, NECT, pentamidine.
Gambling in Australia
Gambling in Australia is the country's legal betting, gaming, and lottery market, whose annual losses of about $32 billion are the largest per capita in the world.
GameDementia trial
GameDementia (NCT06631742) is a pilot randomized controlled trial by Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences testing 12 weeks of Dividat Senso dance exergaming versus usual care in 48 long-term care residents with major neurocognitive disorders, measuring SPPB, activity, and sleep.
Gamete
A gamete, also called a gametic cell or sex cell, is a reproductive cell such as an egg or sperm that carries half the usual genetic material.
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is an assisted reproductive technique, developed in the mid-1980s by Asch and colleagues, that places eggs and sperm into patent fallopian tubes for in vivo fertilization; now rarely performed, superseded by IVF.
Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis is the formation of gametes, sperm via spermatogenesis and eggs via oogenesis, through meiosis in the gonads; it differs from mitosis and underlies fertility, aneuploidy, and emerging in vitro gametogenesis research.
Gametophyte
Gametophyte: the haploid, gamete-producing multicellular generation of plants, alternating with the diploid sporophyte. Dominant in bryophytes, independent in ferns and lycophytes, reduced to a few cells in seed plants such as pollen.
Gametophyte body plans in bryophytes
In bryophytes the photosynthetic gametophyte is the dominant plant, taking one of two body plans: a flattened thallus or a cylindrical leafy shoot, as in mosses.
Gametophytes and reproduction of filmy ferns
The gametophytes of filmy ferns are persistent, branching ribbons that clone themselves through gemmae, allowing colonies to persist indefinitely in constantly wet habitats without completing a life cycle.
Gamma cyhalothrin
Gamma cyhalothrin (CAS 76703-62-3), the S,R isomer of lambda-cyhalothrin, is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide about twice as potent, applied at half the rate, IRAC Group 3A, EU-approved 2015.
Gamma globulin
Gamma globulin (γ globulin) is the electrophoretic serum fraction containing most immunoglobulins; source of Cohn fraction II immune globulin used for hepatitis A prophylaxis and IVIG/SCIG antibody replacement therapy.
Gamma irradiation
Gamma irradiation is a sterilization method using cobalt-60 gamma rays to kill microorganisms on medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and tissue grafts, typically at a dose of 25 kGy.
Gamma Knife surgery
Gamma Knife surgery is a stereotactic radiosurgery method in which about 192 cobalt-60 sources converge on a brain target with submillimeter accuracy, treating tumors, AVMs, and trigeminal neuralgia.
Gamma motor neuron
A gamma motor neuron, also called a fusimotor neuron, is a lower motor neuron of the spinal cord or brainstem that innervates muscle spindle intrafusal fibers and regulates spindle sensitivity.
Gamma tubulin
Gamma tubulin (γ-tubulin), tubulin family protein discovered 1989 in Aspergillus nidulans; with GCPs forms γTuSC and γTuRC ring complexes that template microtubule nucleation at centrosomes and non-centrosomal sites; also regulates mitosis, cell cycle, and DNA damage response.
Gamma wave
Gamma wave: brain rhythm in the gamma band, roughly 30–90 Hz (definitions vary to 30–150 Hz), first named by Jasper and Andrews in 1938; generated by pyramidal cell–parvalbumin interneuron interactions, linked to attention, memory, and Alzheimer's research.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase deficiency
Gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase deficiency, also called GABA-T or GABA transaminase deficiency, is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive ABAT-gene disorder causing neonatal epileptic encephalopathy, hypotonia, choreoathetosis, accelerated growth, and elevated CSF GABA.
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency (glutathionuria, OMIM 231950) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive GGT1 enzyme defect causing high glutathione in plasma and urine, intellectual disability in most of about seven reported patients, and no specific treatment.
Gamma-glutamyltransferase
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) is a glutathione-metabolizing enzyme mainly in the liver; its serum test is a sensitive but nonspecific marker of liver, bile duct, and alcohol-related injury.
Gamma-linolenic acid safflower oil
Gamma-linolenic acid safflower oil (GLASO, SONOVA) is a genetically engineered safflower seed oil from Arcadia Biosciences containing about 40% GLA, twice borage oil's level, granted FDA no-questions GRAS status as GRN 652 in 2016.
Gamma-oryzanol
Gamma-oryzanol, a mixture of ferulic acid esters of phytosterols and triterpene alcohols from rice bran oil, first isolated 1954; FDA GRAS (GRN 800, 2019); lipid and supplement evidence limited.
Gamma-sarcoglycan-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R5
Gamma-sarcoglycan-related LGMD R5 (LGMD2C, gamma-sarcoglycanopathy) is an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy from SGCG mutations on 13q12, causing childhood-onset girdle weakness, calf hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, and loss of ambulation in adolescence.
Gamma-secretase subunit Aph-1
Aph-1 (APH1A/APH1B) is the seven-transmembrane scaffolding subunit of the γ-secretase complex, identified in 2002 C. elegans screens; it stabilizes presenilin and nicastrin, and its isoforms yield six distinct complexes affecting Aβ length.
Gammaproteobacteria
Gammaproteobacteria (g-proteobacteria) is a large class of Gram-negative Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadota), Garrity et al. 2005, type genus Pseudomonas, about 250 genera, including Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae, and purple sulfur bacteria; several classical orders are polyphyletic.
Gammaretrovirus
Gammaretrovirus, a Retroviridae genus of simple retroviruses (murine leukemia virus, feline leukemia virus, KoRV, GALV), with 8.3 kb gag-pro-pol-env genomes, SLC-family receptors, and vectors used for CAR-T gene therapy.
Gammaretrovirus murleu
Gammaretrovirus murleu, exemplar Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV, AF033811), is an ICTV gammaretrovirus species: 8.3 kb simple retroviral genome, C-type virions, T-cell leukemia in mice, dividing-cell-only vector prototype.
Gamut
Gamut: the subset of colors a device or color space (sRGB, Display P3, Rec. 2020) can represent; measured as coverage of a chromaticity triangle, distinct from color volume and accuracy.