Life and health

GDC study

GDC study, also called German Diabetes Study (GDS), NCT01055093: prospective observational cohort at the German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, following up to 2,000 adults with newly diagnosed type 1 or type 2 diabetes, aged 18-69, with metabolic, immunological, and organ phenotyping.

GDF11

GDF11 (growth differentiation factor 11, BMP11), a TGF-beta superfamily ligand related to myostatin, signals via ActRII/ALK receptors and SMAD2/3; once touted as an aging-reversal factor, later work disputed declining levels and rejuvenation claims.

GDF15

GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15; also MIC-1, NAG-1, PLAB, PTGFB, PDF) is a stress-responsive TGF-beta superfamily hormone signaling through the hindbrain GFRAL-RET receptor complex to suppress appetite; elevated in cancer cachexia, heart failure, and pregnancy nausea.

GDF2

GDF2, also called BMP9 or BMP-9 (UniProt Q9UK05), is a human gene at 10q11.22 encoding a liver-derived circulating TGF-beta superfamily cytokine signaling through ALK1 and endoglin; mutations cause PAH and HHT-like vascular disease.

GDF5

GDF5 (BMP-14, CDMP-1) is a TGF-beta/BMP superfamily signaling protein on human chromosome 20q11.22 that drives cartilage and joint development, binds BMPR1B preferentially, and whose mutations cause skeletal dysplasias and osteoarthritis susceptibility.

GDF9

GDF9, alias POF14, is a protein-coding human gene that encodes a TGF-beta superfamily ligand secreted by oocytes to regulate ovarian function and control follicle development.

GDP dissociation inhibitor

GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI, RabGDI) is a chaperone protein that binds prenylated, GDP-bound Rab GTPases, extracts them from membranes into cytosolic Rab:GDP:GDI complexes, and recycles them during vesicular trafficking; GDI1 mutations cause X-linked intellectual disability.

GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase

GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (GMD, GMDS, EC 4.2.1.47) is an SDR-family enzyme converting GDP-mannose to GDP-4-keto-6-deoxymannose with NADP+, the first step in GDP-fucose and GDP-rhamnose biosynthesis, feedback-inhibited by GDP-fucose.

GDP/GTP exchange factor Sec2, N-terminal

Sec2 N-terminal domain (yeast SEC2, UniProt P17065), the coiled-coil Rab GEF catalytic domain activating Sec4 for vesicle exocytosis; residues 1-160, homodimeric 220 A coiled coil, recruited by Ypt32, related to mammalian Rabin8.

GDSL lipase/esterase

GDSL lipase/esterase (GELP), family II serine hydrolases with an N-terminal GDSL motif and SGNH catalytic residues; large plant gene family governing cuticle, seed oil, fertility, and stress traits, with industrial and crop-breeding uses.

GDT-AKI trial

GDT-AKI (NCT02396901), a University of Sao Paulo randomized trial testing goal-directed therapy with ACEI/ARB suspension to prevent AKI after cardiac bypass surgery in CKD 3-4 patients; registered 2015, 214 planned, no results posted.

Ge Wang

Ge Wang (王革) is a medical imaging scientist who pioneered cone-beam spiral CT in 1991 and directs the Biomedical Imaging Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

Geastrales

Geastrales (earth-stars) is an order of gasteroid basidiomycete fungi in subclass Phallomycetidae, family Geastraceae, genus Geastrum with 140 species; star-shaped spore-sac fruiting bodies, statismospores, worldwide litter decomposers.

Geastrum

Geastrum (earthstars) is a genus of Geastraceae fungi whose star-shaped fruiting bodies open into rays around a spore sac. Molecular phylogenies since 2014 replaced morphology-only classifications and revealed many hidden species, including within G. triplex.

Geastrum quadrifidum

Geastrum quadrifidum, the rayed earthstar, is a fornicate Geastraceae fungus described by Persoon in 1794, with 4-5 non-hygroscopic rays lifting a stalked, hoary spore case with a conical peristome; found in coniferous woodland across Europe and the Americas.

Geastrum triplex

Geastrum triplex, the collared earthstar, is a saprobic Geastraceae fungus on all continents except Antarctica, the largest Geastrum, with 4-8 rays, a saucer collar, and rain-puff spore dispersal.

Oct 10, 2026

Gebhard Schertler

Gebhard F. X. Schertler, born 1957, is an Austrian structural biologist known for determining structures of membrane proteins and G protein-coupled receptors like rhodopsin, and headed Biology and Chemistry at the Paul Scherrer Institute.

Oct 10, 2026

Gebisa Ejeta

Gebisa Ejeta is an Ethiopian plant breeder and geneticist whose drought- and Striga-resistant sorghum hybrids transformed farming across sub-Saharan Africa, earning the 2009 World Food Prize.

Gecko

Gecko (Gekkota): a diverse group of lizards, 2,362 species, known for van der Waals-based adhesive toe pads with setae and spatulae, repeated toepad evolution, invasive house geckos, and heavy wildlife-trade pressure.

Oct 20, 2026

Gedatolisib

Gedatolisib, sold as Revtorpyk and formerly studied as PF-05212384, is an intravenous drug that inhibits PI3K and mTOR, approved in 2026 for HR-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.

Geerat J. Vermeij

Geerat J. Vermeij (G. J. Vermeij) is a Dutch-born American evolutionary biologist and paleobiologist, blind since age three, who studied shells at UC Davis and proposed the escalation hypothesis.

Geert Carmeliet

Geert Carmeliet is a Belgian physician-scientist and emeritus professor at KU Leuven who leads the MeBoDD laboratory, studying how skeletal cell metabolism governs bone development, regeneration, and disease.

Geert D’Haens

Geert D'Haens (born 1962) is a gastroenterologist specializing in inflammatory bowel disease, full professor at the University of Amsterdam and head of gastroenterology at Amsterdam UMC.

Geert J.P.L. Kops

Geert J.P.L. Kops is a Dutch cell biologist who studies how cells segregate chromosomes during division; he directs the Hubrecht Institute and is a professor at UMC Utrecht.

Geert W. Schmid-Schoenbein

Geert W. Schmid-Schoenbein is a German-born American bioengineer, Distinguished Professor at UC San Diego, known for microcirculation research and the autodigestion hypothesis of shock injury.

Geeta J. Narlikar

Geeta J. Narlikar is an Indian-born chromatin biologist at UCSF known for work on chromatin remodeling and HP1 phase separation, elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2021.

Gefapixant

Gefapixant (AF-219, MK-7264; Lyfnua) is an oral P2X3 receptor antagonist approved in the EU in 2023 for refractory or unexplained chronic cough; limited P2X2/3 selectivity causes taste disturbance.

Gefarnate

Gefarnate, also called geranyl farnesylacetate, is a cytoprotective anti-ulcer agent used for gastric and duodenal ulcers in Japan, where it is commonly prescribed to patients taking NSAIDs or low-dose aspirin.

Gefurulimab

Gefurulimab (ALXN1720, Klygefa) is a humanized bispecific VHH nanobody from Alexion/AstraZeneca that binds C5 and albumin, blocking terminal complement activation; once-weekly subcutaneous therapy for AChR-Ab+ generalized myasthenia gravis with positive CHMP opinion in September 2026.