Life and health

Gekko

Gekko (Laurenti, 1768) is a gecko genus of Asia, including the tokay gecko and the diverse subgenus Japonigekko (38–41 East Asian species), with six species groups and rapidly growing species counts.

Gekkonidae, the typical geckos, is the largest gekkotan lizard family, over 1,400 species in 118 genera, circumglobal between 50°N and 50°S, known for van der Waals-based adhesive toe pads with keratinous setae and spatulae.

Gel electrophoresis

Gel electrophoresis: laboratory technique separating proteins, DNA, or RNA by size and charge in agarose or polyacrylamide gels; invented from Tiselius's 1937 apparatus, with SDS-PAGE, 2D gels, PFGE, and capillary variants.

Gel extraction

Gel extraction is a molecular biology technique that purifies a DNA fragment out of a slice cut from an agarose gel, usually with a silica spin-column kit.

Gel stent implantation

Gel stent implantation is a minimally invasive glaucoma procedure that lowers eye pressure by shunting fluid under the conjunctiva through the XEN Gel Stent, first FDA-cleared in 2016.

Gelada

Gelada (Theropithecus gelada, gelada baboon, bleeding-heart baboon): the only living species of Theropithecus, a grass-eating monkey endemic to the Ethiopian Highlands, with a multi-level society and under 250,000 wild individuals.

Gelastic seizures with hypothalamic hamartoma

Gelastic seizures with hypothalamic hamartoma (GS-HH, ORPHA:86906) is a rare epilepsy syndrome with early-onset ictal laughter or crying from a non-neoplastic hypothalamic hamartoma, often progressing to intractable epilepsy, cognitive decline, and precocious puberty.

Oct 22, 2026

Gelatin methacryloyl

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), also called gelatin methacrylate, is a gelatin derivative that crosslinks into a hydrogel under light and serves as a common bioink for 3D bioprinting.

Gelatin zymography

Gelatin zymography is a gel-based enzyme activity assay in which gelatin cast into an SDS-polyacrylamide gel is digested by separated gelatinases, detecting MMP-2 and MMP-9 as clear bands.

Gelatinase

Gelatinase (gelatinase A, MMP-2; gelatinase B, MMP-9): zinc-dependent matrix metalloproteinases degrading gelatin and type IV collagen, key to ECM remodeling, metastasis, and wound healing.

Gelatinase B

Gelatinase B (MMP-9, 92 kDa type IV collagenase) is the largest matrix metalloproteinase, a zinc endopeptidase secreted by neutrophils and macrophages that degrades gelatin and type IV collagen; no selective inhibitor has passed clinical trials.

Gelatine dessert

Gelatine dessert: a sweet dish set with gelatin from animal collagen, from medieval banquet jellies to Jell-O, patented as a powder by Peter Cooper in 1845 and popularized by the Genesee Pure Food Company from 1900.

Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy

Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDLD, OMIM 204870), also called subepithelial amyloidosis of the cornea, is a rare autosomal recessive TACSTD2-related corneal amyloidosis causing childhood-onset vision loss, commonest in Japan, with recurrent deposits after keratoplasty.

Gelding

Gelding: a castrated male horse, or the castration procedure itself. Most common equine surgery worldwide, done to curb stallion behavior; complication rates 10.2-60%, mortality up to 1%.

Gelechiidae

Gelechiidae, the twirler moths, is a large microlepidoptera family in Gelechioidea with about 4,700 described species in 500 genera, defined by the male gnathos, with leaf-mining larvae and major crop pests like Tuta absoluta.

Oct 20, 2026

Geleophysic dysplasia

Geleophysic dysplasia (geleophysic dwarfism) is a rare autosomal skeletal dysplasia with short stature, small hands and feet, a "happy" face, and progressive cardiac valvular thickening, caused by ADAMTSL2, FBN1, or LTBP3 variants with enhanced TGF-beta signaling.

Sep 21, 2026

Geltrude Mingrone

Geltrude Mingrone is an Italian physician-scientist, professor at King's College London and in Rome, who pioneered showing bariatric surgery puts type 2 diabetes into remission.

Gemcitabine

Gemcitabine (dFdC; brands Gemzar, Infugem) is a fluorinated deoxycytidine antimetabolite chemotherapy drug, first described by Eli Lilly in 1986 and FDA-approved in 1996, used for pancreatic, lung, breast, ovarian, and bladder cancers.

Gemcitabine and irinotecan regimen

The Gemcitabine and irinotecan regimen is a combination chemotherapy doublet studied in advanced pancreatic cancer; phase III results showed no significant survival benefit over gemcitabine monotherapy.

Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin regimen

The gemcitabine and oxaliplatin regimen, abbreviated GemOx, is a two-drug combination chemotherapy used mainly for advanced biliary tract cancer and relapsed or refractory lymphoid malignancies.

Gemcitabine and vinorelbine regimen

The gemcitabine and vinorelbine regimen is a two-drug combination chemotherapy pairing gemcitabine with vinorelbine, studied mainly in metastatic breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, and recurrent ovarian cancer.

Gemcitabine monotherapy regimen

Gemcitabine monotherapy is a chemotherapy regimen in which gemcitabine is given intravenously alone, approved in 1996 for advanced pancreatic cancer and now mainly used in elderly or frail patients.

GEMCOVAC-19 (HGCO19)

GEMCOVAC-19 (HGCO19) is India's first indigenous mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, a lyophilized self-amplifying mRNA vaccine against the D614G SARS-CoV-2 spike made by Gennova Biopharmaceuticals with HDT Bio, stored at 2–8°C and authorized for restricted emergency use in India in June 2022.

Gemella

Gemella is a genus of catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic gram-positive cocci, human commensals established by Berger in 1960 with type species G. haemolysans; now in Gemellaceae, it causes endocarditis (chiefly G. morbillorum and G. haemolysans) and is treated with penicillin G plus gentamicin.

Gemeprost

Gemeprost (Cervagem), a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue given as vaginal pessaries, induces second-trimester abortion and ripens the cervix; largely superseded by misoprostol.

Gemfibrozil

Gemfibrozil (Lopid) is a fibrate, PPAR-alpha agonist lipid-lowering drug introduced by Parke-Davis that lowers triglycerides and raises HDL; now discouraged with statins because it inhibits statin glucuronidation, raising myopathy risk, with fenofibrate preferred.