72,234 articles
Gene‐Wei Li
Gene-Wei Li is a quantitative molecular biologist at MIT who studies how bacterial genomes encode precise protein levels; he joined MIT in 2015 and became an HHMI investigator in 2024.
Gene–environment interaction analysis
Gene–environment interaction analysis is a set of statistical methods testing whether an environmental exposure's effect on disease differs across genotypes, using case-control, case-only, and genome-wide designs.
Genealogical DNA test
Genealogical DNA test: consumer (DTC) ancestry testing from saliva, via SNP genotyping against reference panels like AncestryDNA's 71,306-sample, 88-region panel; estimates ethnicity, finds relatives, supports forensic genetic genealogy.
Genentech
Genentech, founded 1976 by Robert Swanson and Herbert Boyer in South San Francisco, is the founding biotechnology company; it made the first recombinant DNA drug (human insulin, 1982) and Herceptin, and became wholly owned by Roche in 2009 for $46.8 billion.
GENEPSO study
GENEPSO (Gene Etude Prospective Sein Ovaire) is a French national prospective cohort, started in 2000, following BRCA1/2 and PALB2 mutation carriers at 29 clinics to study lifestyle and genetic cancer risk factors, linked to GEMO.
Genera of stingless bees
The genera of stingless bees are the genus-level groups of the tribe Meliponini, comprising 45 extant genera and about 605 species as of a 2023 review.
General anaesthesia
General anaesthesia (general anaesthetic) is drug-induced reversible unconsciousness with amnesia, analgesia, and immobility, given intravenously or by inhaled gas; onset within about a minute, effects up to 24 hours, serious allergic reaction under 1 in 10,000.
General anaesthetic
A general anaesthetic is a drug or drug combination that produces reversible loss of consciousness, so a patient feels nothing and is not arousable even by pain during surgery.
General dentistry
General dentistry (Gen Dent, ISSN 0363-6771) is the bimonthly peer-reviewed clinical journal of the Academy of General Dentistry, Chicago, published since 1976, MEDLINE-indexed, with over 35,000 dentist readers.
General Fox (army officer)
General Fox was the name under which the 1948 Nobel Committee credited Brigadier General Leon Alexander Fox, who directed the DDT dusting campaign against the 1943 Naples typhus epidemic.
General Hospitals
General hospitals: broad-service hospitals providing medical, surgical, and maternity care across age groups, per WHO and MeSH definitions; contrasted with physician-owned specialty hospitals on cost, quality, and referrals.
General Medical Council
The General Medical Council (GMC) is the statutory regulator of doctors in the United Kingdom, established in 1858 and since 2024 also regulating physician associates.
General paresis of the insane
General paresis of the insane (GPI), or paralytic dementia, is late neurosyphilis: chronic Treponema pallidum brain infection causing progressive dementia and paralysis 10–30+ years after syphilis, once common in asylums, now rare and penicillin-treatable.
General practitioner
A general practitioner (GP), also called a family physician or family doctor, is a medical doctor who provides comprehensive primary care to people of all ages and sexes.
General surgery
General surgery is the broad surgical specialty covering the alimentary tract, abdomen, breast, endocrine, vascular, trauma, and critical care, requiring at least five years of residency, with over 234 million procedures performed globally each year.
General transcription factor
A general transcription factor, also called a basal transcription factor, is a protein required to initiate transcription by RNA polymerase II at essentially all protein-coding promoters.
General transcription factors in disease and therapy
General transcription factors in disease and therapy covers congenital transcription syndromes from TFIIH and BRF2 mutations, cancer-linked alterations in the basal machinery, and emerging therapies targeting transcription factors.
Generalised lymph node enlargement
Generalised lymph node enlargement (generalized lymphadenopathy) is enlarged lymph nodes in two or more noncontiguous body regions, ICD-11 MA01.1, usually signaling systemic infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease.
Generalised oedema
Generalised oedema, also called anasarca, is swelling from excess fluid throughout body tissues, ICD-11 code MG29.1 (ICD-10 R60.1). Main causes are heart failure, liver failure, and kidney disorders such as nephrotic syndrome.
Generalised resistance to thyroid hormone
Generalised resistance to thyroid hormone (Refetoff syndrome, RTHβ/GRTH) is an inherited THRB-mutation disorder with high FT4/FT3 and nonsuppressed TSH, incidence about 1:40,000, often misdiagnosed as hyperthyroidism.
Generalised tonic seizure
Generalised tonic seizure (ICD-11 8A68.6), a bilateral seizure with sudden sustained muscle stiffening, median 8 seconds, often during sleep; mandatory for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome diagnosis, distinct from tonic-clonic seizures.
Generalized anxiety disorder
Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD; ICD-11 6B00) is a mental disorder of excessive, hard-to-control worry lasting at least 6 months. First defined in DSM-III (1980); treated with CBT, applied relaxation, or SSRIs such as sertraline.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7)
The GAD-7 is a seven-question public-domain questionnaire that screens for generalized anxiety disorder and grades anxiety symptom severity, described by Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, and Löwe in 2006.
Generalized arterial calcification of infancy
Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI, idiopathic infantile arterial calcification) is an autosomal recessive disorder from ENPP1 or ABCC6 variants causing arterial calcification, high infant mortality, and later rickets in survivors.
Generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome
Generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome (GBFHS, OMIM 605827) is a rare autosomal dominant skin disease with 1-2 mm papules, comedone-like lesions, hypotrichosis, and palmar pits, linked to PTCH mutations and distinguished from Gorlin syndrome.
Generalized epilepsy-paroxysmal dyskinesia syndrome
Generalized epilepsy-paroxysmal dyskinesia syndrome (GEPD), a rare autosomal dominant channelopathy from KCNMA1 gain-of-function mutations on chromosome 10q22, combines paroxysmal dyskinesia with generalized absence or tonic-clonic epilepsy beginning in childhood.
Generalized eruptive histiocytosis
Generalized eruptive histiocytosis (GEH), or generalized eruptive histiocytoma, is a rare benign non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis first described in 1963, causing symmetric crops of small papules on the trunk and proximal extremities that resolve spontaneously.
Generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma
Generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma (GEKA), or Grzybowski syndrome, is a rare sporadic keratoacanthoma variant with hundreds to thousands of pruritic plugged papules on skin and mucous membranes in adults, treated first with oral retinoids.
Generalized essential telangiectasia
Generalized essential telangiectasia (GET), a rare acquired skin disease with widespread telangiectases starting on the lower limbs and spreading upward; benign, non-hereditary, diagnosed by excluding HHT and other causes.
Generalized lymphatic anomaly
Generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA), formerly diffuse systemic lymphangiomatosis, is a rare non-inherited disorder of multifocal dilated lymphatic vessels in multiple organs, distinguished from Gorham-Stout disease by stable medullary bone lesions and treated with sirolimus.