Life and health

Gerdarchaeota

Gerdarchaeota is a candidate lineage of Asgard archaea proposed in 2020 from coastal sediment genomes, now treated by GTDB as the order Gerdarchaeales within Heimdallarchaeia.

Geremia B. Bolli

Geremia B. Bolli, born 1947, is an Italian endocrinologist at the University of Perugia known for 1984 New England Journal of Medicine papers on the dawn phenomenon.

Gereon R. Fink is a German neurologist and neuroscientist who directs the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine at Forschungszentrum Jülich and the Department of Neurology at University Hospital Cologne.

Gergely Csibra

Gergely Csibra is a developmental cognitive neuroscientist who studies how infants understand actions, communication, and mental states, known for the theory of natural pedagogy and elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in 2017.

Oct 10, 2026

Gerhard Armauer Hansen

Gerhard Armauer Hansen (1841–1912) was a Norwegian physician in Bergen who discovered the leprosy bacillus in 1873, the first microorganism shown to cause a chronic human disease.

Gerhard Christofori

Gerhard Christofori is a molecular and cancer biologist and professor emeritus at the University of Basel, known for showing that E-cadherin loss drives malignant progression and metastasis.

Gerhard Domagk

Gerhard Domagk was a German pathologist and bacteriologist who discovered the antibacterial effects of the red dye prontosil, opening the sulfonamide era of antibacterial chemotherapy.

Gerhard Giebisch

Gerhard Giebisch (1927–2020) was an Austrian-born cellular physiologist who spent six decades at Yale working out how the kidney handles potassium, becoming Sterling Professor Emeritus.

Gerhard Hummer

Gerhard Hummer (born 1966) is an Austrian theoretical biophysicist who has directed the Department of Theoretical Biophysics at the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics in Frankfurt since 2013.

Gerhard Klebe

Gerhard Klebe is a German chemist and structural biologist, professor of pharmaceutical chemistry at the Philipps-Universität Marburg from 1996 to 2020, known for structure-based drug design and co-founding BioSolveIT.

Gerhard Levy

Gerhard Levy (1928–2017) was a German-born American pharmaceutics scientist and pioneer of pharmacokinetics who taught at the University at Buffalo from 1958 to 2000.

Gerhard Meissner

Gerhard Meissner (1937–2021) was a German-born biochemist and biophysicist at UNC Chapel Hill known for purifying and reconstituting the ryanodine receptor, the skeletal muscle calcium release channel.

Gerhard Opelz

Gerhard Opelz is an Austrian transplantation immunologist who led transplantation immunology at the University of Heidelberg from 1981 to 2015 and founded the Collaborative Transplant Study in 1982.

Gerhard Schmidt (biochemist)

Gerhard Schmidt (1901–1981) was a German-born American biochemist who spent over forty years at Tufts University School of Medicine, known for the Schmidt–Thannhauser method for measuring DNA and RNA.

Oct 10, 2026

Gerhard Schramm

Gerhard Schramm (1910–1969) was a German biochemist at the Max Planck Institute for Virus Research in Tübingen who showed in 1956 that RNA is tobacco mosaic virus's genetic material.

Gerhard Schüler

Gerhard Schüler, also spelled Gerhard Schuler, is a German cardiologist and long-serving clinic director at the Herzzentrum Leipzig, known for the IABP-SHOCK II cardiogenic shock trial.

Gerhard Steinbeck

Gerhard Steinbeck, born 1946 in Göttingen, is a German cardiologist known for trials on arrhythmias and risk stratification after myocardial infarction, including the IRIS trial.

Gerhard Wagner (biophysicist)

Gerhard Wagner, born 1945, is a Harvard Medical School biophysicist known for protein NMR spectroscopy, where he has been a professor since 1990 and developed triple-resonance NMR methods.

Gerhardt Attard

Gerhardt Attard is a medical oncologist, Professor at University College London, and Director of the UCL Cancer Institute since 2024, known for circulating tumor DNA research and abiraterone development in advanced prostate cancer.

Gerhart U. Ryffel

Gerhart U. Ryffel is a molecular and developmental biologist known for the Xenopus vitellogenin gene system as a model of steroid hormone control, and later HNF1 and HNF4.

Oct 20, 2026

Geriatric Anesthesia

Geriatric anesthesia: perioperative anesthetic care of older adults. Elderly patients need reduced anesthetic doses (about two-thirds at age 80), face 9-44% delirium risk, and randomized trials show spinal and general anesthesia are broadly equivalent for hip fracture surgery.

Sep 29, 2026

Geriatric Depression Scale

The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a self-report questionnaire of yes/no items used to screen for depression in older adults, published in 1982 with a 30-item long form and a 15-item short form.

Oct 21, 2026

Geriatricians

Geriatricians: physicians specially trained in care of older adults (geriatric medicine, comprehensive geriatric assessment). Strongest evidence is better medication management; mortality benefit unproven; persistent workforce shortage.

Geriatrics

Geriatrics: medical specialty for older adults, defined by life stage. Founded clinically by Marjory Warren (1935, UK); core method is comprehensive geriatric assessment, shown to raise survival at home and cut nursing home admissions.

Geritol

Geritol: American supplement brand launched in 1950 as an iron and B-vitamin tonic for "tired blood"; famous 1950s TV ads, $812,000 FTC fine in 1965, now sold as a liquid and a 27-nutrient multivitamin.

Germ cell

Germ cell: the cell type that develops into eggs or sperm; its lineage (germline) is set aside early via primordial germ cells, undergoes meiosis and epigenetic reprogramming, and underpins Weismann's germ-plasm theory and fertility research.