72,234 articles
Germ-Line Mutation
Germ-line mutation (germline variant): a heritable alteration in egg or sperm lineage DNA, present in every cell of offspring. Rate about 1.2e-8 per nucleotide per generation; 76% arise paternally.
German cockroach
German cockroach (Blattella germanica), the world's most prevalent indoor cockroach pest; originated in southeast Asia from B. asahinai about 2,100 years ago, carries asthma allergens, and shows extensive insecticide resistance including glucose-averse bait avoidance.
German cockroach (Blattella germanica) allergen skin prick test solution
German cockroach (Blattella germanica) allergen skin prick test solution (德国小蠊变应原皮肤点刺液), Wolwo Bio-Pharmaceutical's NMPA-approved 7000 DU/ml in-vivo diagnostic for type I cockroach allergy, sensitivity 91.63%, specificity 85.45%.
German Ethics Council
German Ethics Council (Deutscher Ethikrat), independent bioethics advisory body under the 2007 Ethics Council Act, 26 members appointed by the Bundestag President, advising Bundestag and Federal Government via opinions and ad hoc recommendations; chaired by Helmut Frister.
German Pinscher
German Pinscher (Deutscher Pinscher), FCI standard 184, Group 2: a medium German farm, guard, and ratter dog, 45-50 cm, 14-20 kg, prototype of the Doberman and Miniature Pinscher, nearly extinct after the World Wars and revived from the 1950s.
German Shepherd
German Shepherd Dog (Deutscher Schäferhund), German working breed founded 1899 by Max von Stephanitz with Horand von Grafrath as SZ 1; FCI Group 1 herder, police, military, and detection dog, briefly renamed Alsatian in Britain until 1977.
German Shorthaired Pointer
German Shorthaired Pointer (Deutsch Kurzhaar), German versatile hunting dog that points, tracks, and retrieves on land and water; AKC Stud Book 1930, FCI Group 7, dogs 62-66 cm, AKC popularity No. 9 in 2025.
German Spitz
German Spitz (Deutscher Spitz), FCI Standard No. 97, a German breed with five size varieties from Wolfsspitz/Keeshond (49 cm) to Toy Spitz/Pomeranian (21 cm), oldest Central European dog breed, watch and companion dog.
German Wirehaired Pointer
German Wirehaired Pointer (Deutsch Drahthaar), a German versatile gundog with a wiry, weather-resistant coat and beard; males 24-26 inches, 50-70 pounds, AKC-recognized 1959; bred from Pointer, Griffon, Stichelhaar, and Pudelpointer stock.
Germin
Germin: wheat germination-marker glycoprotein, an oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4) and manganese homohexamer with SOD activity; founding member of the cupin-superfamily germin-like proteins (GLPs) in plant defense.
Germinal center B cell
Germinal center B cell (GC B cell): a rapidly cycling mature B cell in lymph node germinal centers that undergoes somatic hypermutation and affinity selection in T-dependent responses, differentiating into memory B cells and plasma cells, and the origin of most B cell lymphomas.
Germinal centre-associated lymphoma protein
HGAL (GCSAM, GCET2) is a 178-amino-acid germinal center B-cell adaptor protein on chromosome 3q13 that enhances BCR signaling via Syk, inhibits lymphocyte motility, and predicts better survival in DLBCL and classical Hodgkin lymphoma.
Germination
Germination: the resumption of seed growth from water uptake to radicle emergence, controlled by the ABA–GA hormone balance, light, temperature, and RONS signaling; tested under ISTA standards for agriculture and restoration.
Germination test
A germination test is a laboratory procedure measuring the percentage of seeds in a lot that produce normal seedlings under controlled conditions of moisture, temperature, and light.
Germplasm
Germplasm is the genetic material forming the physical basis of heredity, passed down by germ cells; in agriculture it covers plant seeds, tubers, tissue cultures, and DNA used for breeding.
Gero Miesenböck
Gero Miesenböck, born 1965 in Upper Austria, is an Austrian neuroscientist and Waynflete Professor of Physiology at Oxford who established optogenetics, controlling neurons with light.
Geroderma osteodysplastica
Geroderma osteodysplastica (GO, OMIM 231070, Walt Disney dwarfism), a rare autosomal recessive GORAB-related cutis laxa syndrome with wrinkled skin, progeroid face, joint laxity, and severe osteoporosis with fractures.
Gerold Bepler
Gerold Bepler is a German-educated thoracic oncologist specializing in lung cancer, known for research on RRM1 and ERCC1 as biomarkers for non-small-cell lung cancer treatment.
Gerold L. Schiebler
Gerold L. Schiebler (1928–2024) was an American pediatric cardiologist at the University of Florida who chaired its pediatrics department and built Florida's Children's Medical Services program.
Gerold Schubiger
Gerold Schubiger is a developmental biologist and professor at the University of Washington, known for research on cell cycle control and regeneration in the fruit fly Drosophila.
Gerold Schuler
Gerold Schuler is an Austrian-born dermatologist and immunologist known for discovering dendritic cell maturation and for developing dendritic cell vaccines against cancer at Universitätsklinikum Erlangen in Germany.
Gerold Stucki
Gerold Stucki, born 1959, is a Swiss physician-scientist, professor at the University of Lucerne and director of Swiss Paraplegic Research, known for proposing functioning as a third health indicator alongside mortality and morbidity.
Gerontology
Gerontology is the scientific, interdisciplinary study of aging and older adulthood, covering biological, psychological, and social dimensions; unlike geriatrics, it is broad rather than a medical specialty.
Gerrhonotus
Gerrhonotus (alligator lizards) is a genus of anguid lizards in Gerrhonotinae, described by Wiegmann in 1828, with about 9 species ranging from Texas to Panama and hidden diversity revealed by phylogenomics.
Gerridae
Gerridae, the water striders or pond skaters, are true bugs (Hemiptera) of about 1,700 species that skate on water surfaces from ponds to the open ocean, supported by surface tension through hydrophobic hairy legs and propelled by rowing middle legs that shed vortices.
Gerrit Grijns
Gerrit Grijns (1865–1944) was a Dutch physiologist who, working in Batavia from 1896, first clearly stated that foods contain substances needed to protect the nervous system, the vitamin concept.
Gerrit J. Poelarends
Gerrit J. Poelarends is a Dutch biochemist and professor of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the University of Groningen, known for engineering enzymes to synthesize chiral amino acids.
Gerry Wright
Gerry Wright, also known as Gerard D. Wright, is a Canadian biochemist at McMaster University who introduced the antibiotic "resistome" concept and won the 2024 Killam Prize.
Gerstmann syndrome
Gerstmann syndrome, also called angular gyrus syndrome, is a rare neuropsychological tetrad of finger agnosia, left-right disorientation, agraphia, and acalculia after dominant parietal lobe lesions, first described by Josef Gerstmann in 1924 and now explained by subcortical white matter disconnection.
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary prion disease caused by PRNP mutations, first described in 1936, marked by multicentric PrP amyloid plaques, progressive cerebellar ataxia, and later dementia.