72,234 articles
Gomphrena
Gomphrena (globe amaranth) is a genus of about 100-144 Amaranthaceae herbs, type species G. globosa, native from the Americas to Australia, C4, polyphyletic per phylogenomics, grown as ornamental cut and dried flowers.
Gomutra haritaki
Gomutra haritaki (Gomūtra Harītakī) is a classical Ayurvedic powder formulation of haritaki (Terminalia chebula) processed in cow's urine with herbal decoctions, used for oedema, hemorrhoids, anemia, and oral disease; official in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.
Gonad
Gonad: the gamete-producing reproductive gland, ovary (eggs) or testis (sperm); also an endocrine gland making sex hormones. Develops bipotential from the urogenital ridge; SRY triggers testis, Foxl2/Wnt4 the ovary.
Gonadal dysgenesis
Gonadal dysgenesis: defective gonad (ovary/testis) formation in differences of sex development, spanning 45,X Turner syndrome, 46,XX and 46,XY (Swyer syndrome) forms, and 45,X/46,XY mixed gonadal dysgenesis, with variable phenotypes and tumor risk.
Gonadarche
Gonadarche: reactivation of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator at puberty onset, causing gonadal maturation and sex steroid secretion; first sign is thelarche in girls, testicular enlargement (≥4 mL) in boys; distinct from adrenarche.
Gonadectomy
Gonadectomy is the surgical removal of the gonads, the ovaries (ovariectomy) or testes (orchiectomy), eliminating sex hormone production in laboratory mice and rats, a foundational manipulation of endocrine and reproductive biology.
Gonadotropin
Gonadotropins: FSH, LH, and hCG glycoprotein hormones of the reproductive axis, used as urinary or recombinant drugs for ovulation induction and IVF ovarian stimulation, with comparable efficacy between preparation types.
Gonadotropin deficiency
Gonadotropin deficiency (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, ICD-11 5A61.2): deficient pituitary LH and FSH, or hypothalamic GnRH, causing hypogonadism; congenital (Kallmann syndrome) or acquired forms, treatable with hormone or gonadotropin therapy.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, formerly LHRH) is a hypothalamic decapeptide that drives pituitary LH and FSH release; pulsatile secretion stimulates, continuous exposure inhibits, enabling agonist and antagonist drugs.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
GnRH agonists (leuprolide, goserelin, triptorelin, buserelin, nafarelin, histrelin) are D-amino-acid-substituted GnRH decapeptide analogs that flare then suppress pituitary gonadotropins, used for prostate cancer, endometriosis, fibroids, and precocious puberty.
Gonatodes
Gonatodes, American bent-toed or padless geckos (Fitzinger, 1843), a monophyletic Sphaerodactylidae genus of small, mostly diurnal geckos from Mexico to Brazil, Bolivia, and the Caribbean; about 35 species, Oligocene-early Miocene diversification, sister genus Lepidoblepharis.
Gonatopus (wasp)
Gonatopus (Ljungh, 1810) is a genus of pincer wasps (Dryinidae, Gonatopodinae), third most diverse in the family with 441 species, whose females parasitize and host-feed on leafhoppers and planthoppers worldwide.
Gonçalo Abecasis
Gonçalo Abecasis is a Portuguese-born statistical geneticist and University of Michigan biostatistics professor, known for the gene-mapping software Merlin and METAL and leading genomics at Regeneron.
Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
Gonçalo Castelo-Branco is a Swedish and Portuguese glial cell biologist, born in 1976, who is Professor of Glial Cell Biology at Karolinska Institutet and studies oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis.
Gondolella
Gondolella (Stauffer & Plummer, 1932) is an extinct gondolellid conodont genus, type species G. elegantula, from Pennsylvanian Texas; gondola-shaped Pa elements used in Carboniferous-Permian biostratigraphy.
Gondwanascorpio
Gondwanascorpio, genus with single species G. emzantsiensis, an extinct scorpion described by Robert Gess in 2013 from the Famennian Witpoort Formation, South Africa; first Gondwanan Palaeozoic scorpion and oldest known Gondwanan terrestrial animal.
Gonepteryx rhamni
Gonepteryx rhamni, the brimstone or common brimstone, is a Pieridae butterfly of Europe, Asia, and North Africa; males sulphur-yellow, females pale, leaf-shaped wings, overwinters as an adult, larvae feed on buckthorns, populations increasing in the UK.
Gongora
Gongora Ruiz & Pav. (1794) is a Neotropical orchid genus (Stanhopeinae) of epiphytes with pendent inflorescences, pollinated only by male euglossine bees; about 55-81 species from Mexico to South America and Trinidad.
Gongura
Gongura (puntikura, pulichakeerai, sougri) is the sour leaf of Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), also attributed to H. sabdariffa (roselle), a leafy green of Andhra, Telangana and northeastern India; top-ranked for iron (7.65–9.56 mg/100 g), base of gongura pachadi.
Gongyi Zhang
Gongyi Zhang is a structural biologist and professor at National Jewish Health in Denver, known for crystal structures of bacterial RNA polymerase, TALL-1, and JMJD2 histone demethylases.
Goniatites
Goniatites is a late Viséan (Early Carboniferous) ammonoid cephalopod genus, type of the Goniatitidae and order Goniatitida; type species G. sphaericus, a key regional index fossil with poor global correlation value.
Goniometry
Goniometry is the clinical measurement of joint range of motion in degrees, performed by aligning a goniometer with the two body segments meeting at a joint.
Gonioscopy
Gonioscopy is a slit-lamp eye examination in which a contact lens lets the examiner see the anterior chamber angle, the drainage structures central to diagnosing glaucoma.
Goniotomy
Goniotomy is an eye surgery that incises the trabecular meshwork from inside the anterior chamber to improve drainage and lower intraocular pressure, used mainly for primary congenital glaucoma and other open-angle glaucomas.
Gonococcal arthritis
Gonococcal arthritis is joint inflammation caused when Neisseria gonorrhoeae spreads from gonorrhea to the joints, most often in young women; treated with ceftriaxone, over 95% recover full joint function.
Gonococcal conjunctivitis
Gonococcal infection of eye (ICD-11 1A72.4) is Neisseria gonorrhoeae conjunctivitis, seen as gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum in newborns and as purulent conjunctivitis in adults, treated with ceftriaxone and prevented by newborn ocular prophylaxis.
Gonococcal infection of anus
Gonococcal infection of the anus (rectal gonorrhea), anorectal Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection acquired by receptive anal contact, mostly asymptomatic; diagnosed by rectal NAAT, treated with single-dose ceftriaxone 500 mg IM plus doxycycline when chlamydia is not excluded.
Gonococcal infection of other sites
Gonococcal infection of other sites (ICD-11 1A72): Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection of the pharynx, rectum, conjunctiva, or disseminated sites; asymptomatic, NAAT-diagnosed, treated with ceftriaxone 500 mg, and a key antimicrobial-resistance reservoir.
Gonococcal pharyngitis
Gonococcal pharyngitis (ICD-11 1A72.3) is Neisseria gonorrhoeae throat infection from oral sex, usually asymptomatic, treated with ceftriaxone 500 mg IM, and hard to eradicate.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea, a common sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (the gonococcus), with about 82 million annual cases, ceftriaxone as first-line therapy, and rising multidrug resistance including super gonorrhoea.