72,234 articles
GoDARTS study
GoDARTS (Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland), a 1998 University of Dundee cohort of 18,306 participants (10,149 type 2 diabetes cases, 8,157 controls) with DNA, linked NHS records, and ongoing recruitment.
Godfrey Hounsfield
Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield was an English electrical engineer at EMI who invented the first practical CT scanner and shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Godfrey P. Oakley Jr.
Godfrey P. Oakley Jr. was an American epidemiologist and Emory professor who led the campaign that made the FDA require folic acid fortification of enriched grains to prevent spina bifida.
Goeldi's marmoset
Goeldi's marmoset (Callimico goeldii), also Goeldi's monkey or tamarin, a small black Amazonian primate, sole species of Callimico; three molars, singleton births, fungi-heavy dry-season diet, IUCN Vulnerable.
Goflikicept
Goflikicept (RPH-104), an R-Pharm IL-1α/IL-1β trap fusion protein with a 10-day half-life, dosed subcutaneously every 2 weeks; in a phase II/III trial for idiopathic recurrent pericarditis it gave 0% recurrences versus 90% on placebo.
Gogia
Gogia (Walcott, 1917) is a genus of Cambrian gogiid eocrinoid echinoderms, the most abundant and diverse Cambrian eocrinoid, with at least 10 species from North America, Europe, North Africa, and China, attached to hard substrates by a stem.
Gohta Goshima
Gohta Goshima is a Japanese cell biologist at Nagoya University known for identifying genes required for mitotic spindle assembly and for discovering the augmin complex.
Goitre
Goitre: enlargement of the thyroid gland causing a neck swelling, mainly from iodine deficiency, nodules, thyroiditis, or hyper/hypothyroidism; treated by observation, medication, radioiodine, or surgery.
Goji
Goji (枸杞, Gouqi Zi), the berry of Lycium barbarum and L. chinense (Solanaceae), is a Chinese medicinal and functional food; ~90% of commercial goji is L. barbarum, rich in polysaccharides and zeaxanthin.
Gojihvadi kvatha curna
Gojihvadi kvatha curna (Gojihvadi Kwath Churna), an Ayurvedic coarse-powder decoction from Siddhayoga Samgraha, standardized in API Part-II; Onosma bracteatum with licorice, fennel, and others, used for kapha fever and respiratory ailments.
Gökhan S. Hotamışlıgil
Gökhan S. Hotamışlıgil is a physician-scientist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health who studies how inflammation drives obesity and type 2 diabetes, and coined "metaflammation."
Golcadomide
Golcadomide (CC-99282, BMS-986369) is an investigational oral Bristol Myers Squibb cereblon E3 ligase modulator (CELMoD) that degrades Ikaros and Aiolos; unapproved, in phase 1-3 lymphoma trials including GOLSEEK-1.
Goldberg-Shprintzen megacolon syndrome
Goldberg-Shprintzen megacolon syndrome (GOSHS, megacolon-microcephaly syndrome), rare autosomal recessive disorder from KIFBP/KIAA1279 mutations, combining Hirschsprung disease, microcephaly, intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphism.
Goldcrest
Goldcrest (Regulus regulus), a 5-6 g Eurasian kinglet, the smallest breeding bird in Britain and Ireland alongside the firecrest; coniferous woodland, clutches up to 12 eggs, IUCN Least Concern.
Golden Delicious
Golden Delicious is a yellow apple cultivar from a chance seedling found in Clay County, West Virginia, bought and named by Stark Bro's in 1914; unrelated to Red Delicious, it is the EU's largest apple variety and parent of Gala, Jonagold, and Pink Lady.
Golden eagle
Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos, Aigle royal, Steinadler): a large Holarctic booted eagle of open mountains, hunting hares and marmots, nesting on cliffs; IUCN Least Concern with 85,000-160,000 mature birds but over 70% of recorded deaths human-caused.
Golden Gate Cloning
Golden Gate cloning: type IIS restriction enzyme and ligase DNA assembly method by Engler and Marillonnet (2008), also called MoClo or GoldenBraid; scarless one-pot, one-step assembly of up to dozens of fragments.
Golden hamster
Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), or Syrian hamster: a solitary rodent from Syria and Turkey, most common pet hamster and lab animal; all captive stock descends from hamsters caught near Aleppo in 1930 by Israel Aharoni.
Golden jackal
Golden jackal (Canis aureus), also called common jackal, a wolf-like canid native to Eurasia; IUCN Least Concern and increasing; expanding across Europe from Balkan and Caucasus core populations; distinct from the African golden wolf.
Golden lion tamarin
Golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), mico-leão-dourado, an endangered maned Brazilian monkey endemic to Rio de Janeiro's Atlantic Forest, recovered from under 200 to 4,800 via zoo reintroductions and yellow fever vaccination.
Golden pheasant (红腹锦鸡)
Golden pheasant (红腹锦鸡, Chrysolophus pictus) is a Chinese gamebird; male has golden crest, orange cape, scarlet body, tail two-thirds of ~100 cm. IUCN Least Concern but Near Threatened in China, Class II protected; British naturalised population functionally extinct by 2023.
Golden poison frog
Golden poison frog (Phyllobates terribilis), also golden dart frog, a Colombian dendrobatid frog and the most toxic frog species, carrying about 1,900 µg of diet-derived batrachotoxin; one of three Phyllobates species used to poison blowgun darts.
Golden Promise
Golden Promise is a British spring malting barley, a gamma-ray mutant of Maythorpe bred by Miln Marsters, dominant in Scotland in the 1970s, famed for Scotch whisky malt, and the reference genotype for barley transformation.
Golden Retriever
Golden Retriever, Scottish gundog breed from Lord Tweedmouth's 19th-century Flat-coated Retriever and Tweed Water Spaniel crosses; friendly, biddable, fourth in AKC registrations, with high hemangiosarcoma and lymphoma rates.
Golden rice
Golden Rice (Malusog Rice in the Philippines) is a genetically modified rice producing beta-carotene in the grain, developed by Potrykus and Beyer to combat vitamin A deficiency; approved in the Philippines in 2021 but blocked by a 2024 court ruling.
Golden snub-nosed monkey
Golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana, Sichuan snub-nosed monkey), an endangered Chinese colobine of 1,600 to 4,000 m mountain forests; about 25,000 remain, the largest of five snub-nosed species; lichen-and-bark winter diet, fission-fusion societies, 2025 zoo loans to France and Belgium.
Golden syrup
Golden syrup, also called light treacle, is a thick amber invert sugar syrup created by Abram Lyle in London in 1881, used in treacle tart and Anzac biscuits.
Golden tiger
Golden tiger (golden tabby, strawberry tiger): a Bengal tiger color morph with pale golden fur and red-brown stripes, caused by the recessive CORIN p.H587Y mutation; distinct from white tigers (SLC45A2 A477V), now almost entirely captive.
Golden toad
Golden toad (Incilius periglenes, sapo dorado), an orange Costa Rican cloud-forest toad endemic to Monteverde, extinct after 1989; decline linked to 1986–1987 El Niño dryness and chytrid fungus.
Goldendoodle
Goldendoodle (also Groodle): a Golden Retriever-Poodle crossbreed, not AKC-recognized; promoted from the late 1990s, GANA breed club founded 2008, first breed standard 2017, with OFA health testing and lower cancer-claim risk than parent breeds.