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Graza
Graza is an American olive oil brand founded in January 2022 by Andrew Benin and Allen Dushi, selling single-origin Picual EVOO from Jaén, Spain, in squeeze bottles as Drizzle (finishing), Sizzle (cooking), and Frizzle (high-heat, launched 2025).
Grazing
Grazing: livestock feeding on growing pasture and rangeland vegetation, covering ~25% of global land area. Distinguished from feedlot feeding; includes continuous and rotational systems, pastoralism, and soil-carbon and climate effects.
Grazoprevir anhydrous
Grazoprevir anhydrous is a hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibitor, combined with elbasvir as Zepatier and approved in the United States in 2016 for chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4.
GRB2
GRB2 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) is a 25 kDa adaptor protein with one SH2 and two SH3 domains that links receptor tyrosine kinases to SOS and Ras–MAPK signaling, and is targeted in cancer therapy by the antisense drug BP1001.
GRC 15300 (SAR292833)
GRC 15300, or SAR292833, was a first-in-class TRPV3 channel antagonist for chronic pain, discovered by Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, licensed to Sanofi in 2010, and discontinued in 2014.
GRC 17536
GRC 17536 (ISC 17536) is Glenmark's oral TRPA1 antagonist, a thienopyrimidinedione tested in Phase 2a for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy; it failed overall but helped a preserved-nerve-function subgroup, and development was limited by poor bioavailability.
GRC 27864 (ISC 27864)
GRC 27864 (ISC 27864, zaloglanstat) is Glenmark's oral mPGES-1 inhibitor for osteoarthritic pain; Phase 2b trial in 624 Indian patients completed enrollment in 2019.
GRC 6211
GRC 6211, also written GRC-6211, was Glenmark Pharmaceuticals' oral TRPV1 antagonist pain drug licensed to Eli Lilly in 2007 for $45 million upfront; it reached Phase II osteoarthritis and dental pain trials before discontinuation in 2008.
Great American Interchange
The Great American Interchange, formally the Great American Biotic Interchange, is the two-way exchange of land mammals between North and South America following the Isthmus of Panama's formation.
Great ape language
Great ape language research teaches chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans sign language or lexigram symbols. Washoe, Nim Chimpsky, Koko, and Kanzi learned symbols and comprehension, but ape syntax remains disputed.
Great auk
Great auk (Pinguinus impennis), the original "penguin": a flightless ~70 cm, 5 kg North Atlantic alcid, closest relative the razorbill, hunted to extinction; last pair killed on Eldey, Iceland, 3 June 1844, last sighting 1852.
Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef ecosystem, off Queensland, Australia, with about 400 coral types and 1,500 fish species, inscribed by UNESCO in 1981.
Great Barrington Declaration
Great Barrington Declaration: open letter published October 5, 2020, by Kulldorff, Gupta, and Bhattacharya, opposing COVID lockdowns and proposing Focused Protection; answered by the John Snow Memorandum and Francis Collins's 'takedown' email.
Great blue heron
Great blue heron (Ardea herodias; Garza Azulada, Grand héron), North America's largest heron, a blue-gray wading bird 97–137 cm long that stalks fish in wetlands and nests colonially; generally increasing and of low concern, but the Pacific subspecies fannini is Special Concern in Canada.
Great bustard
Great bustard (Otis tarda), a large Eurasian steppe and farmland bird, largest land bird in Europe, IUCN Endangered 2023, world population 43,500–51,200 with about 60% in Spain, subspecies tarda and dybowskii.
Great cormorant
Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), also called Cormorant in the UK or Black Shag, a large cosmopolitan fish-eating cormorant of Suliformes; IUCN Least Concern, increasing, 1.4-2.1 million birds, wingspan 130-160 cm, wettable plumage dried with outstretched wings.
Great Dane
Great Dane (Deutsche Dogge): giant German dog breed from mastiff-sighthound crosses, AKC-recognized 1887, 76+ cm males, 45-90 kg, lifespan 9-10 years, prone to bloat and cardiomyopathy, ranked 22nd in 2025 AKC registrations.
Great egret
Great egret (Ardea alba), a large white heron with yellow bill and black legs found on every continent except Antarctica; hunted nearly to extinction for plumes, now about 9.5 million North American breeding birds and low conservation concern.
Great grey owl
Great grey owl (Strix nebulosa, Great Gray Owl), a very tall boreal-forest owl of North America and Eurasia; weighs 700–1700 g, hunts voles by ear through snow using the largest facial disc of any owl.
Great hammerhead
The great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) is the largest hammerhead shark, a tropical coastal predator whose large individuals prey mainly on other sharks and rays; it is Critically Endangered.
Great hornbill
Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis), a large Vulnerable Asian hornbill of South-west India, the Himalayas, and Southeast Asia; fig-eating canopy frugivore and seed disperser with a yellow casque, hunted for meat, feathers, and casque.
Great horned owl
Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), also Búho Americano or Grand-duc d'Amérique, a large tufted owl from Alaska to Brazil; earliest-nesting North American owl, most diverse diet of any North American raptor, talons needing 28 pounds of force to open.
Great Indian bustard
Great Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps, Godawan): critically endangered, ~150 birds left, India's heaviest flying bird; threatened by power-line collisions; captive breeding and first rewilding release in 2026.
Great Ormond Street Hospital
Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London children's hospital founded 14 February 1852 by Dr Charles West as the Hospital for Sick Children; first UK hospital for children, NHS Foundation Trust since 2012, CQC-rated Good, leading paediatric research centre.
Great Plague of Marseille
Great Plague of Marseille (1720-1722): last major plague epidemic of Western Europe, brought by the ship Grand Saint-Antoine from the Levant, killing about 100,000 people, nearly half of Marseille and a quarter of Provence.
Great Plague of Prague
The Great Plague of Prague was a bubonic plague epidemic that struck the Bohemian capital from spring to autumn 1680, killing between 7,000 and 12,000 people, one of the last plague epidemics in central Europe.
Great Plague of Seville
The Great Plague of Seville was an epidemic that struck the city from March to July 1649, killing about 60,000 people, roughly half its population.
Great Plague of Vienna
The Great Plague of Vienna was the bubonic plague epidemic that struck the Habsburg capital in 1679, killing roughly 12,000 or more of its 70,000 inhabitants.
Great potoo
Great potoo (Nyctibius grandis), or grand potoo, the largest potoo (Nyctibiidae) of Central and South America; nocturnal camouflage master, 360–650 g, moaning growl, one egg on a branch, IUCN Least Concern.
Great saphenous vein
Great saphenous vein (GSV), vena saphena magna: the largest superficial leg vein, from dorsal venous arch to femoral vein. Key for varicose vein reflux treatment and as the most-used coronary bypass conduit.