72,234 articles
Grey seal
The gray seal (Halichoerus grypus), also called the horsehead or Atlantic seal, is a large true seal of North Atlantic and Baltic coasts; males reach 10 feet and 880 pounds.
Greyhound
Greyhound: large sighthound dog breed, fastest dog at up to 40 mph, also called English Greyhound. Ancient coursing breed, AKC standard weight 60–70 lb; racing now banned or declining in New Zealand, Wales, and Scotland.
Greying of hair
Greying of hair (canities) is age-related loss of melanin in hair follicles, typically starting in the 30s-40s; premature graying is linked to smoking, vitamin deficiencies, and stress, with no established medical reversal treatment.
Greylag goose
Greylag goose (Anser anser), a large Palearctic gray goose and ancestor of European domestic geese; two subspecies, wetland nester, Least Concern, UK population 47,000 pairs, sacred to Aphrodite and Juno in classical times.
GRFoma
GRFoma (GRF tumor, GHRHoma) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor, mostly lung (54%) or pancreas (30%), that ectopically secretes GHRH, causing acromegaly with pituitary hyperplasia; diagnosed by plasma GHRH above 250-300 ng/L, treated by resection or somatostatin analogs.
Grhadhumadi lepa
Grhadhumadi lepa (Gṛhadhūmādi lepa, गृहधूमादि लेप), also Grihadhoomadi Choornam, is a classical Ayurvedic external paste of kitchen soot, vacha, kushta, dill seed, and two turmerics from Ashtanga Hridayam 22:36, used mainly for gouty arthritis (Vatarakta) and wounds.
GRIA2 Q/R site editing
GRIA2 Q/R site editing: ADAR2-mediated A-to-I RNA editing converting GluA2 (GluR2) codon 607 from glutamine to arginine, making AMPA receptors calcium-impermeable; nearly 100% edited in adult brain and essential for survival.
GRID® study
The GRID study, Decipher Genomics Resource for Intelligent Discovery, is an observational registry started in 2015 that links Decipher prostate cancer test RNA data with patient outcomes.
Griffin P. Rodgers
Griffin P. Rodgers is an American physician-scientist and molecular hematologist who has directed NIDDK at NIH since 2007 and helped develop hydroxyurea, the first effective sickle cell anemia therapy.
Griffon Bruxellois
Griffon Bruxellois (Brussels Griffon), a Belgian toy dog breed, rough-coated and red, one of three small Belgian breeds with the Griffon Belge and Petit Brabançon; descended from the Smousje ratter, weight 3.5–6 kg, lifespan 12–15 years.
Grifola
Grifola is a genus of poroid, white-rotting polypore fungi (Polyporales, Grifolaceae) established by Gray in 1821; its type species Grifola frondosa is the edible maitake or hen-of-the-woods mushroom.
Grifola frondosa
Grifola frondosa, maitake or hen-of-the-woods, is an edible Polyporales fungus forming large rosettes of grey-brown caps at oak bases, studied for beta-glucan polysaccharides such as the D-fraction.
Grigore Antipa
Grigore Antipa (1867–1944) was a Romanian biologist and oceanographer who organized Romania's first scientific explorations of the Black Sea and founded the Bucharest natural history museum bearing his name.
Grigory Ivanovich Rossolimo
Grigory Ivanovich Rossolimo (Григорий Иванович Россолимо; 1860–1928) was a Russian neurologist and psychiatrist known for the Rossolimo toe-flexion reflex and for founding Russia's first children's nervous-disease clinic at his own expense in 1911.
Grimace scale
A grimace scale is an observational pain measure scoring facial expressions in nonverbal subjects like laboratory animals; the first, the Mouse Grimace Scale, was described in 2010.
Grimmiales
Grimmiales is an order of acrocarpous mosses within the Dicranidae, named for the genus Grimmia, including grimmias, bent-mosses, pincushions, and rock-bristles defined by a single-rank peristome of 16 teeth.
Grimpoteuthis
Grimpoteuthis, the dumbo octopus genus, deep-sea cirrate octopods with ear-like fins, named by Robson 1932; 17 valid species living 1,000–7,000 m deep worldwide, feeding with arm cirri and lacking an ink sac.
GRIN1
GRIN1 (GluN1, NR1, formerly NMDAR1) is a human gene at 9q34.3 encoding the obligatory glycine-binding subunit of NMDA receptors; pathogenic variants cause GRIN1-related neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy and intellectual disability. Distinct from GPRIN1.
GRIN2A
GRIN2A (glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A, GluN2A/NR2A) is a gene at 16p13.2 encoding an NMDA receptor subunit; pathogenic variants cause epilepsy-aphasia spectrum disorders, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia risk.
GRIN2B
GRIN2B (NMDAR2B, NR2B), gene at 12p13.1 encoding GluN2B, the glutamate-binding NMDA receptor subunit with slow deactivation and a developmental NR2B-to-NR2A switch; de novo variants cause GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability, hypotonia, and epilepsy.
Gripe water
Gripe water, an herbal liquid supplement for infant colic and gas, originated with William Woodward's 1851 Nottingham formula; no randomized trial evidence supports it, and US products are sold as unregulated supplements with several recalls.
Griscelli syndrome
Griscelli syndrome, also called partial albinism-immunodeficiency syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with silvery-gray hair and skin hypopigmentation. Three types: MYO5A (neurologic), RAB27A (immunodeficiency with HLH), MLPH (isolated).
Grisel syndrome
Grisel syndrome, or nontraumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation, is a rare pediatric condition causing painful torticollis after head and neck infections or ENT procedures such as adenoidectomy; treated conservatively in most cases.
Griseofulvin
Griseofulvin, a fungistatic antibiotic from Penicillium griseofulvum (discovered 1939, launched 1959), treats dermatophyte infections by binding microtubular proteins; first oral antifungal, WHO essential drug.
Grits
Grits: coarsely ground corn, usually dent corn or nixtamalized hominy, boiled into porridge; a staple of Southern U.S. cuisine with Indigenous, African American, and European roots, known for shrimp and grits and distinguished from Italian polenta.
Grizzly bear
Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis), a North American brown bear subspecies, listed as threatened in the lower 48 US states since 1975; populations grew from about 700-800 to over 2,000, with ongoing delisting and 4(d) rule debates.
Grizzly–polar bear hybrid
Grizzly–polar bear hybrid, or pizzly/grolar bear, the fertile cross of Ursus arctos horribilis and Ursus maritimus; first wild specimen confirmed 2006 on Banks Island, Canada, with eight known hybrids all from one polar bear female.
GRK2
GRK2 (G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, βARK1/ADRBK1) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase that desensitizes GPCRs and acts as a signaling hub; elevated in heart failure, hypertension, and metabolic disease, it is targeted by peptide, aptamer, and small-molecule inhibitors.
GRK5
GRK5 (GPRK5), G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5, human gene ID 2869: a 590-aa Ser/Thr kinase that desensitizes activated GPCRs, is constitutively membrane-bound via PIP2, translocates to the nucleus, and is upregulated in heart failure.
GRN
GRN (granulin precursor) gene, also called PGRN or acrogranin, on chromosome 17q21.31 encodes progranulin, a lysosomal protein; heterozygous loss-of-function mutations cause frontotemporal dementia, homozygous mutations cause CLN11.