166 articles
Drying oil
A drying oil is an oil, usually a vegetable oil, that hardens into a solid film when exposed to air, used since the fifteenth century as the medium of oil paints.
Erythritol fatty acid esters
Erythritol fatty acid esters, esters of erythritol and fatty acids, are sugar-alcohol-based food emulsifiers and microencapsulants; GRAS Notice GRN 297 (Stepan Company) received an FDA no-questions letter in 2009 for baked goods use.
Ester
An ester is a compound in which an acid's hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by an organyl group, forming the R-CO-O-R′ linkage, as in ethyl acetate and nitroglycerin.
Estradiol Benzoate
Estradiol benzoate is an injectable ester of the estrogen estradiol that acts briefly, with 4 to 5 days of elevated estrogen, and is used mainly in cattle implants.
Estradiol sulfamate
Estradiol sulfamate, also known as E2MATE or PGL2001, is the C3 sulfamate ester of estradiol, developed in the 1990s as an oral estradiol prodrug and potent steroid sulfatase inhibitor.
Estradiol valerate
Estradiol valerate, sold as Delestrogen, is a prodrug ester of the natural estrogen estradiol, used in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and hypoestrogenism since 1954.
Estrone Sulfate
Estrone sulfate, also called estrone 3-sulfate, is the most abundant circulating estrogen in humans, serving as an inactive reservoir converted to estrone and estradiol in target tissues.
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetate, also known as ethyl ethanoate or EtOAc, is a clear, flammable ester of acetic acid and ethanol used as a solvent in coatings, inks, and adhesives.
Ethyl acetoacetate
Ethyl acetoacetate (Acetoacetic acid ethyl ester, diacetic ester) is a colorless, fruity-smelling β-keto ester liquid, the classic starting material of the acetoacetic ester synthesis for making substituted methyl ketones.
Ethyl acrylate
Ethyl acrylate is the ethyl ester of acrylic acid, a colorless, volatile liquid monomer used to make acrylic polymers for latex paints, adhesives, textiles, paper coatings, and acrylic fibers.
Ethyl butyrate
Ethyl butyrate, also known as ethyl butanoate, is a clear colorless ester with a strong pineapple-like odor, widely used as a flavoring agent in food and beverages.
Ethyl carbamate
Ethyl carbamate, also called urethane, is the ethyl ester of carbamic acid, a probable human carcinogen that forms as a contaminant in fermented foods and alcoholic beverages.
Ethyl cinnamate
Ethyl cinnamate is the ethyl ester of cinnamic acid, a liquid with a balsamic, cinnamon-like, fruity odor that occurs naturally in some plants and is used almost entirely as a flavoring agent and fragrance material.
Ethyl cyanoacetate
Ethyl cyanoacetate (ethyl 2-cyanoacetate) is the ethyl ester of cyanoacetic acid, a colorless liquid used as an intermediate for cyanoacrylate adhesives, drugs such as trimethoprim and vitamin B6, and dyestuffs.
Ethyl formate
Ethyl formate, also known as ethyl methanoate, is the ethyl ester of formic acid, a flammable liquid with a fruity, rum-like odor used as a food flavoring.
Ethyl lactate
Ethyl lactate, also known as lactic acid ethyl ester, is the ester of lactic acid and ethanol, used as a biodegradable green solvent and food flavoring agent.
Ethyl levulinate
Ethyl levulinate (ethyl 4-oxopentanoate) is the ethyl ester of levulinic acid, a bio-based compound studied mainly as a diesel oxygenate additive and also used as a flavoring, fragrance, and green solvent.
Ethyl propionate
Ethyl propionate (ethyl propanoate) is the ester of ethanol and propionic acid, a colorless liquid with a strong pineapple- and rum-like odor used as a flavoring agent and solvent.
Ethylene carbonate
Ethylene carbonate, also known as dioxolanone, is a colorless solid cyclic carbonate ester that serves as the key solvent in nearly all commercial lithium-ion battery electrolytes.
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) is the diester of ethylene glycol and methacrylic acid, a difunctional monomer used as a crosslinker in dental resins and hydrogels.
Ethylhexanoate
Ethylhexanoate (ethyl hexanoate, ethyl caproate), CAS 123-66-0, C8H16O2, is a JECFA-evaluated flavouring agent (FEMA 2439) with no safety concern at current intake, REACH-registered, but not approved in the EU as a fungicide active.
Etretinate
Etretinate, sold as Tegison and Tigason, is a second-generation retinoid for severe psoriasis, with an elimination half-life of about 120 days that led to its withdrawal for birth-defect risk.
Fatty acid ethyl ester
A fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) is an ester of a long-chain fatty acid and ethanol, produced mainly by transesterifying vegetable oils or animal fats with ethanol.
Fatty acid methyl ester
A fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is an ester formed from vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste cooking oils with methanol; mixtures of FAME constitute biodiesel, the most widely produced oleochemical biofuel.
Fenthion
Fenthion, sold as Baytex, is an organophosphate insecticide used since the 1950s against mosquitoes, fruit flies, and ticks, now banned in the US, EU, and Australia.
Fenvalerate
Fenvalerate is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, used since 1976 against agricultural and household pests, and the first pyrethroid without the cyclopropane ring in its acid moiety.
Fucoidan
Fucoidan, also called fucoidin or sulfated fucan, is a sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharide from brown seaweeds like Fucus vesiculosus and Undaria pinnatifida, studied for antitumor, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory effects, with FDA GRAS no-questions letters (GRN 565, 661) but low oral bioavailability.
Gamma-Butyrolactone
Gamma-butyrolactone, also known as GBL or 1,4-butyrolactone, is a cyclic ester and widely used industrial solvent, notably in semiconductor manufacturing, that the body rapidly converts to the depressant GHB, placing it under controlled-substance regulation.
Gamma-valerolactone
Gamma-valerolactone (GVL, γ-valerolactone) is a water-miscible cyclic ester made from biomass-derived levulinic acid and used as a green solvent, fuel additive, and platform chemical for renewable fuels and polymers.
Glucose 6-phosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), also known as the Robison ester, is a phosphorylated glucose whose phosphate group traps it inside cells, feeding glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway.