42,772 articles
Dieter Richter
Dieter Richter, born 1947 in Hannover, is a German physicist known for using neutron spin-echo spectroscopy to measure polymer motion, directing neutron-scattering institutes at Forschungszentrum Jülich from 1989 to 2015.
Dieter Seebach
Dieter Seebach is an organic chemist who spent his career at ETH Zurich, known for umpolung, TADDOL chiral auxiliaries, and beta-peptides, and elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in 2007.
Dieter Vollhardt
Dieter Vollhardt (born 1951 in Bad Godesberg) is a German theoretical condensed matter physicist who co-founded dynamical mean-field theory and won the 2006 Europhysics Prize.
Diethanolamine
Diethanolamine, also known as 2,2'-iminodiethanol or diolamine, is a secondary amine with the formula C4H11NO2, made from ethylene oxide and ammonia and used in surfactants, gas purification, and cosmetics.
Diethyl carbonate
Diethyl carbonate (DEC) is a colorless carbonate ester liquid used as a solvent, fuel additive, and reactant in organic synthesis, and as a low-viscosity co-solvent in lithium-ion battery electrolytes.
Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether, also known as sulfuric ether, is a volatile, extremely flammable liquid that was the first widely used surgical anesthetic and remains an industrial solvent and reaction medium.
Diethyl malonate
Diethyl malonate, also called diethyl propanedioate or malonic ester, is a colorless liquid ester of malonic acid used as a building block in organic synthesis and as a flavoring and fragrance ingredient.
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a clear, colorless, nearly odorless liquid ester of phthalic acid used as a plasticizer for cellulose films and as a solvent and fixative in perfumes and cosmetics.
Diethyl pyrocarbonate
Diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), also called diethyl dicarbonate, is a reagent used to inactivate ribonucleases in RNA work, to label proteins for mass spectrometry, and formerly as a beverage preservative, banned in the United States in 1972.
Diethyl sulfate
Diethyl sulfate is the diethyl ester of sulfuric acid, a colorless oily liquid used industrially as an ethylating agent and classified as probably carcinogenic to humans.
Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride
Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST, Et₂NSF₃) is a liquid nucleophilic fluorinating reagent reported by William J. Middleton at Du Pont in 1975 that converts alcohols to alkyl fluorides and carbonyls to gem-difluorides.
Diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC), discovered in 1947 and originally sold as Hetrazan, is an anthelmintic that kills filarial worms and serves as the drug of choice for lymphatic filariasis.
Diethyldithiocarbamic acid
Diethyldithiocarbamic acid, also called ditiocarb or DDC, is a dithiocarbamic acid that forms in the body from the alcohol-aversive drug disulfiram and strongly chelates copper and zinc.
Diethylene glycol
Diethylene glycol (DEG), also called ethylene diglycol, is a colorless, viscous liquid used mostly as a chemical intermediate, known as the toxic contaminant behind recurring mass poisonings, including the 1937 Elixir Sulfanilamide disaster.
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGEE), also known as ethoxydiglycol, Carbitol, or Transcutol, is a water-miscible glycol ether solvent used in coatings, inks, cosmetics, and as a skin penetration enhancer in pharmaceuticals.
Diethylenetriamine
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is an aliphatic triamine with formula C₄H₁₃N₃, a colorless, hygroscopic liquid with an ammonia-like odor used chiefly as an epoxy resin curing agent.
Diethylzinc
Diethylzinc, Zn(C₂H₅)₂, is a colorless, pyrophoric organozinc compound prepared by Edward Frankland in 1849, a discovery that founded organometallic chemistry; it is now used in asymmetric aldehyde additions, cyclopropanation, and semiconductor deposition.
Dietmar Müller
R. Dietmar Müller is a geophysicist and professor at the University of Sydney, a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science who founded the GPlates plate-reconstruction software project.
Dietmar Salamon
Dietmar Salamon (1953–2025) was a German mathematician and professor at ETH Zurich, a founder of modern symplectic topology who co-wrote standard textbooks with Dusa McDuff.
Dietmar Seyferth
Dietmar Seyferth (1929–2020) was a German-born American organometallic chemist who spent 42 years on the MIT faculty and founded the American Chemical Society journal Organometallics.
Dietmar Stalke
Dietmar Stalke (born 1958 in Melle, Germany) is a German organometallic chemist and crystallographer, a full professor at the University of Göttingen since 2005, known for low-temperature crystal handling of air-sensitive compounds.
Dietrich Braess
Dietrich Braess is a German mathematician at Ruhr-Universität Bochum, best known for a 1968 paper identifying Braess's paradox: adding a road can worsen traffic for everyone.
Diffeomorphism
A diffeomorphism is a smooth bijection between differentiable manifolds whose inverse is also smooth. Diffeomorphic manifolds share all differential-topological properties, and classification up to diffeomorphism is finer than up to homeomorphism.
Diffeomorphism invariance
Diffeomorphism invariance is the symmetry of a theory under smooth transformations of the spacetime manifold, a hallmark of general relativity central to loop quantum gravity.
Difference of two squares
The difference of two squares is the algebraic identity a² − b² = (a − b)(a + b), one of the most recognizable factoring patterns in elementary algebra.
Difference set
A difference set is a subset of a finite group whose pairwise quotients represent every nonidentity element exactly λ times, used to build symmetric block designs.
Difference spectroscopy
Difference spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique that records the difference between a sample spectrum and a reference spectrum, isolating small absorption changes across UV-Vis, infrared, and Raman methods.
Difference-frequency generation
Difference-frequency generation (DFG) is a second-order nonlinear optical process in which two frequencies in a non-centrosymmetric crystal produce radiation at their difference, a key route to tunable mid-infrared output.
Differentiable function
A differentiable function, also called a derivable function or differentiable mapping, is a function with a derivative at each point of interest, the central hypothesis of differential calculus.
Differentiable manifold
A differentiable manifold, also called a smooth manifold, is a topological space locally resembling Euclidean space, equipped with a smooth structure allowing calculus, central to differential geometry.