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Flood routing
Flood routing is the group of methods for determining the shape and timing of a flood wave as it moves along a channel, from a known hydrograph at another point.
Flood runoff
Flood runoff: water from precipitation flowing over land surfaces, including paved urban surfaces, into streams and causing high flow. Also called stormwater or urban runoff; generated by infiltration-excess or saturation-excess overland flow.
Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol
The Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol (FTSP) is a time synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks that achieves microsecond accuracy through MAC-layer time-stamping, clock skew compensation, and flooding.
Floodplain delineation
Floodplain delineation is the process of drawing the boundary of the area a flood of a specified magnitude would inundate, typically by intersecting predicted water levels with terrain data.
Floods in China
Floods in China, also called flooding in China, are a recurring hazard from monsoon rains on seven major rivers, with floods like those of 1931 and 1998 among history's deadliest.
Floor and ceiling functions
The floor and ceiling functions, also called the greatest integer function, round a real number down or up to an integer, with notation introduced by Kenneth Iverson in 1962.
Floor van Lamoen
Floor van Lamoen (born 1966 in Leiden) is a Dutch mathematician and secondary-school teacher known for the van Lamoen circle, and a former national-level race walker.
Floquet code
A Floquet code is a quantum error-correcting code whose protected information is dynamically generated by a periodic schedule of few-qubit measurements, exemplified by the 2021 Hastings-Haah honeycomb code.
Floquet engineering
Floquet engineering is the control of quantum systems by periodic driving, most often laser or microwave light, and is a major theme in condensed matter physics and quantum simulation.
Floquet prethermalization
Floquet prethermalization is the suppression of heating in a high-frequency periodically driven many-body system, which settles into a long-lived state described by an approximately conserved effective Hamiltonian.
Floquet theory
Floquet theory is the mathematical framework for linear differential systems with periodically varying coefficients, reducing their analysis to an eigenvalue problem over one driving period; it underpins Floquet engineering in quantum mechanics.
Floquet topological insulator
A Floquet topological insulator is a topological insulating phase created by periodically driving a quantum system with laser or microwave light, first proposed in 2010 and observed in 2013.
Floquet–Bloch states
Floquet–Bloch states are quasistationary electronic states of a periodic solid driven by coherent light, hybridizing Bloch electrons with photons into replica bands first observed in 2013 with tr-ARPES.
Floquet–Bloch states on the surface of a topological insulator
Floquet–Bloch states on the surface of a topological insulator are photon-dressed replicas of the surface Dirac bands formed under intense periodic light, first observed on Bi₂Se₃ in 2013.
Floral clock
A floral clock is a clock face planted with flowers and fitted with working hands; the first, created in Edinburgh in 1903, is described as the world's oldest.
Floral clock (Frankfort, Kentucky)
The Floral Clock in Frankfort, Kentucky, is a working clock with a 34-foot flower-planted face on the Kentucky State Capitol grounds, dedicated in 1961 under Governor Bert T. Combs.
Florfenicol
Florfenicol (FFC) is a synthetic, fluorinated phenicol antibiotic used exclusively in veterinary medicine, first used in Japan in 1990 to treat bacterial infections in livestock and fish.
Florian Müller‐Plathe
Florian Müller-Plathe is a German theoretical physical chemist and professor at Technische Universität Darmstadt, known for reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics for transport coefficients and Iterative Boltzmann Inversion for coarse-graining polymer models.
Floridan Aquifer
The Floridan Aquifer is one of the world's most productive aquifers, underlying all of Florida and parts of four neighboring states and supplying drinking water to nearly 10 million people.
Floris Takens
Floris Takens (1940–2010) was a Dutch mathematician and professor at Groningen, known for the 1981 Takens embedding theorem and for coining "strange attractor" with David Ruelle.
Florisil
Florisil is a trademarked synthetic magnesium silicate adsorbent of U.S. Silica Company, used mainly to clean up and fractionate pesticide and PCB residues in analytical chromatography.
Flory–Huggins solution theory
Flory–Huggins solution theory is a thermodynamic theory of polymer solutions developed independently by Paul Flory and Maurice Huggins in the early 1940s, using a lattice entropy of mixing.
Flotation separation
Flotation separation is a separation method that attaches hydrophobic particles to gas bubbles in a liquid, so they rise as a froth; it processes about 90% of non-ferrous metals.
Flow
Environmental flow (e-flow): the quantity, timing, and quality of river flows needed to sustain freshwater ecosystems alongside human use; assessed by hydrological, habitat-simulation, and holistic methods such as Tennant, BBM, and DRIFT.
Flow chemistry
Flow chemistry, also called continuous flow chemistry, is a synthetic method in which reagents react while pumped through tubing instead of in a batch vessel.
Flow cytometry
Flow cytometry, also known as fluorescence-activated cell sorting, is a laser-based technique that measures light scatter and fluorescence to analyze thousands of single cells per second.
Flow duration curve
A flow duration curve (FDC) is a cumulative frequency curve showing the percentage of time specified stream discharges were equaled or exceeded, widely used in hydrology since about 1915.
Flow focusing
Flow focusing is a microfluidic technique in which a fluid injected between converging streams breaks into uniform droplets, bubbles, or particles, used for emulsions, encapsulation, and drug delivery.
Flow injection analysis
Flow injection analysis (FIA) is an automated wet-chemical technique in which a sample is injected into a flowing carrier stream and detected as a transient peak.
Flow measurement
Flow measurement is the quantification of the rate or quantity at which a liquid or gas moves through a pipe or channel, as volume or mass flow.