42,772 articles
Gold standard (test)
Gold standard (test), also called reference standard, is the best available diagnostic benchmark for a target condition in medicine. Rarely error-free; verification, incorporation, and misclassification bias; alternatives include composite and latent class standards.
Gold-containing drugs
Gold-containing drugs, also known as gold salts, are medicines in which gold is the active component; chrysotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis used injectable gold thiolates and oral auranofin.
Gold–thiolate
A gold–thiolate is a chemical unit in which a thiolate anion (RS⁻) bonds to a gold atom, written Au–SR, forming compounds, monolayers on gold, and nanocluster ligand shells.
Gold(II) compounds
Gold(II) compounds are complexes in which gold formally carries the +2 oxidation state, a rare d⁹ configuration stabilized by gold–gold bonding or rigid ligand frameworks.
Goldbach's conjecture
Goldbach's conjecture, the strong Goldbach conjecture, says every even number greater than 2 is the sum of two primes; proposed in 1742, it remains unproved.
Goldbach's weak conjecture
Goldbach's weak conjecture, also called the ternary Goldbach conjecture, states every odd integer greater than 5 is a sum of three primes; Helfgott proved it in 2013.
Golden Jubilee Diamond
The Golden Jubilee Diamond, also called the Golden Jubilee, is the world's largest faceted diamond, a 545.67-carat yellow-brown gem presented to King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand.
Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie
The Golden Mile is a goldfield near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, about 600 km east of Perth, one of the richest gold deposits ever worked, now mined as the Super Pit.
Golden number (time)
The golden number is the position, from 1 to 19, of a year in the 19-year Metonic cycle, traditionally used in computus to calculate the date of Easter.
Golden ratio
The golden ratio, or golden section, is the irrational number φ ≈ 1.618, defined by a line divided so the parts keep the same proportion.
Golden rectangle
A golden rectangle, also called a golden mean rectangle, has sides in the golden ratio of about 1.618 to 1; removing its largest square leaves a smaller golden rectangle.
Golden spiral
The golden spiral is a logarithmic spiral that widens by the golden ratio, about 1.618, at every quarter turn, often approximated by nested golden rectangles.
Golden Week (ゴールデンウィーク) (Japan)
Golden Week, ゴールデンウィーク, is Japan's cluster of four national holidays from late April to early May, one of its busiest travel periods, named by the film industry in the 1950s.
Goldhaber experiment
The Goldhaber experiment was a 1957–1958 nuclear-physics measurement at Brookhaven National Laboratory in which Maurice Goldhaber, Lee Grodzins, and Andrew Sunyar determined that the neutrino is left-handed, supporting the V-A theory of the weak interaction.
Goldilocks principle
The Goldilocks principle holds that the best conditions often lie in a middle range between two extremes, named for the girl who chose porridge that was "just right."
Goldman equation
The Goldman equation, more fully the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) voltage equation, is a membrane biophysics formula that computes a cell's resting membrane potential from ion concentration gradients and relative permeabilities.
Goldschmidt classification
The Goldschmidt classification, proposed by geochemist Victor Moritz Goldschmidt in the early 1920s, sorts elements into siderophile, chalcophile, lithophile, and atmophile groups by their preferred host phase.
Goldschmidt tolerance factor
The Goldschmidt tolerance factor is a dimensionless index introduced by Victor Goldschmidt in 1926 that predicts from ionic radii whether ions form a stable perovskite structure.
Goldstino
The goldstino is the massless spin-1/2 Goldstone fermion of spontaneously broken global supersymmetry, proposed by Volkov and Akulov in 1972 and absorbed by the gravitino through the super-Higgs mechanism in supergravity.
Goldstone theorem
The Goldstone theorem states that in a Lorentz-invariant quantum field theory, spontaneous breaking of a continuous symmetry implies massless spin-zero Goldstone bosons, proved by Goldstone, Salam, and Weinberg in 1962.
Goldstrike mine
Goldstrike mine is a large gold mining complex on the northern Carlin Trend in Eureka and Elko Counties, Nevada, operated by Nevada Gold Mines and North America's largest producing gold mine.
Gömböc
The Gömböc is a convex, homogeneous body with exactly one stable and one unstable equilibrium point, first built by Gábor Domokos and Péter Várkonyi in 2006.
Gompertz function
The Gompertz function is an asymmetric sigmoid growth model used for tumor, microbial, and animal growth curves, proposed in 1825 as a law of human mortality.
Gonadorelin
Gonadorelin is the International Nonproprietary Name for synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, also called LHRH), the hypothalamic decapeptide that triggers release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary.
Gonçalo Bernardes
Gonçalo Bernardes is a Portuguese chemical biologist, Professor of Chemical Biology at the University of Cambridge, known for site-selective protein modification and targeted cancer therapeutics, and co-founded four companies.
Gondoic acid
Gondoic acid is a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, formally cis-11-eicosenoic acid, with 20 carbons and one cis double bond; camelina seed oil is its richest dietary source.
Gondwana
Gondwana, also called Gondwanaland, was the southern supercontinent uniting South America, Africa, India, Australia, and Antarctica, which broke up from about 185 million years ago.
Good laboratory practice
Good laboratory practice (GLP) is a managerial quality system covering the planning, performance, recording, and archiving of non-clinical safety studies, introduced in the United States in 1978 after the Industrial Bio-Test fraud scandal.
Good quantum number
A good quantum number is the eigenvalue of an observable whose operator commutes with the Hamiltonian, so it stays fixed in time and labels the state.
Goode Solar Telescope
The Goode Solar Telescope is a 1.6-meter off-axis solar telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory in California, operated by NJIT and second in size only to DKIST.