42,772 articles
Independent vector analysis
Independent vector analysis (IVA), introduced by Tae-Su Kim in 2007, is a blind source separation method that extends independent component analysis to several datasets at once, with applications in speech separation and fMRI.
Indescribable cardinal
An indescribable cardinal is a large cardinal whose higher-order statements about Vκ already hold in some smaller Vα, introduced by Hanf and Scott in 1961.
Indeterminate form
An indeterminate form is an expression such as 0/0 or ∞ − ∞ arising when evaluating a limit, whose limiting behaviors do not determine its value; L'Hôpital's rule resolves quotient forms.
Index (economics)
An index in economics is a statistic, usually relative to a base of 100, measuring changes in prices or quantities over time, such as the CPI.
Index (statistics)
An index in statistics, also called a composite indicator, is a number summarizing measurements relative to a reference, such as a price index or a composite country ranking.
Index coding
Index coding is a problem in network information theory on broadcasting messages efficiently to receivers that already know some of them, introduced by Birk and Kol in 1998.
Index flood method
The index flood method is a regional flood frequency analysis technique introduced by Tate Dalrymple of the US Geological Survey in 1960, pooling flood records across a homogeneous region.
Index set (computability)
In computability theory, an index set is a set of program indices that depends only on the function computed, so all programs computing the same function share membership.
Index set (recursion theory)
An index set in recursion theory is a set of program indices whose membership depends only on the set a program recognizes, not on the program text.
India Meteorological Department
The India Meteorological Department, also known as RSMC New Delhi, is India's national weather agency. Founded in 1875, it issues forecasts and cyclone warnings from New Delhi.
India-based Neutrino Observatory
The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is a proposed underground laboratory at Pottipuram in Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India, built around a 50,000-ton magnetized iron calorimeter to study atmospheric neutrinos.
Indian astronomy
Indian astronomy, also called Jyotisha, is the tradition of observing and mathematically modeling the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars that developed on the Indian subcontinent from Vedic times onward.
Indian buffet process
The Indian buffet process (IBP) is a stochastic process in Bayesian nonparametrics defining a distribution over sparse binary matrices with infinitely many columns, introduced by Griffiths and Ghahramani in 2005.
Indian Heaven
Indian Heaven volcanic field: basaltic shield-volcano and cinder-cone field in Skamania County, Washington, 30 km southwest of Mount Adams; ~50 vents, Big Lava Bed eruption about 9,000 years ago, low threat, USGS-monitored.
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology
The Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) is a deemed university in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, founded by ISRO and inaugurated in 2007 as Asia's first space-dedicated university.
Indian mathematics
Indian mathematics is the body of mathematical work developed on the Indian subcontinent from antiquity to today, best known for giving the world the decimal place-value system with zero.
Indian national calendar
The Indian national calendar, also called the Saka calendar, is the solar civil calendar India adopted in 1957, used alongside the Gregorian calendar for official purposes.
Indian National Physics Olympiad
The Indian National Physics Olympiad (INPhO) is the second-stage selection program leading to the International Physics Olympiad (IPhO). It is organized by the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education in Mumbai.
Indian New Year's days
Indian New Year's days are the several dates on which different regional calendars of India begin the year, falling mostly in late March and April, with Gujarat celebrating Bestu Varas at Diwali.
Indian numbering system
The Indian numbering system, also called the South Asian numbering system, is used in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, grouping digits in twos after the first three and naming lakh (100,000) and crore (10,000,000).
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean basin, bounded by Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Southern Ocean, and the only one closed by land to the north.
Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System
The Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWMS) is the UNESCO-IOC-coordinated system detecting Indian Ocean tsunamis and issuing threat advisories, established in 2005 in response to the 2004 tsunami that killed almost 230,000 people.
Indian Plate
Indian Plate: tectonic plate carrying the Indian subcontinent; broke from Gondwana ~167 Ma, separated from Madagascar 85-90 Ma, drifted north at up to 20 cm/yr, and collided with Eurasia ~50 Ma forming the Himalayas.
Indian Standard Time
Indian Standard Time (IST; भारतीय मानक समय), also called India time, is the single civil time observed throughout India, defined as UTC+05:30 and introduced in 1906.
Indian summer
Indian summer is a spell of unusually warm, calm, hazy weather in late autumn, common in the central and eastern United States and parts of Europe, not India.
Indicator (titration)
An indicator in titration is a small amount of colored dye, itself a weak acid or base, whose color change marks the titration's end point.
Indicator diagram
An indicator diagram, also called an indicator card, is a pressure-volume plot of an engine or compressor cycle whose enclosed area gives the net work done.
Indicator displacement assay
An indicator displacement assay is an analytical chemistry method in which a target analyte displaces a bound indicator dye from a synthetic receptor, changing absorbance or fluorescence.
Indicator function
The indicator function, also called the characteristic function of a set, maps elements of a set to 1 if they belong to a subset and 0 otherwise.
Indigo
Indigo is a deep blue organic pigment, historically extracted from Indigofera plants and now produced almost entirely by chemical synthesis; it is the dye that colors blue denim.