190 articles
Abancay
Abancay is a city in southern Peru, capital of the Apurímac region and Abancay province, in an Andean valley on the Pachachaca river, founded by the Spanish in 1572.
Acarigua
Acarigua is a city in Portuguesa state, Venezuela, capital of Páez municipality, forming the Acarigua-Araure conurbation with about 400,000 people, a major agricultural and agro-industrial center.
Ambalema
Ambalema is a municipality and river port in northern Tolima, Colombia, on the Magdalena River, founded in 1627 and known for its 19th-century tobacco boom.
Ambato
Ambato (San Juan Bautista de Ambato), capital of Tungurahua province in central Ecuador, an Andean city repeatedly rebuilt after earthquakes, notably in 1949, and home to the Fiesta de la Fruta y de las Flores, declared intangible cultural heritage in 2005.
Andahuaylas
Andahuaylas is a city and province in the Apurímac region of the southern Peruvian highlands, known as the homeland of the Chanka people defeated by the Inca in AD 1438.
Antofagasta
Antofagasta is a port city in northern Chile, capital of the Antofagasta Region, founded in the 1860s as Bolivia's Pacific port, occupied by Chile in 1879, and now a copper and lithium mining and logistics hub.
Araure
Araure, Venezuela: city and municipal seat in Portuguesa state, twin of Acarigua; founded as El Pilar de Araure in 1694, site of Bolivar's 1813 Battle of Araure; Acarigua-Araure had 287,368 people in 2011.
Arequipa
Arequipa, Peru's second city, capital of its namesake department at 2,335 m under El Misti volcano; sillar-built historic center inscribed by UNESCO in 2000; 2025 census counted 1,815,000 department residents.
Arica
Arica is a Pacific port city in northernmost Chile, capital of the Arica y Parinacota Region near Peru and Bolivia. Founded in the 1540s, it was a colonial silver outlet for Potosí, became Chilean by the 1929 Treaty of Lima, and guards the world's oldest artificial mummies of the Chinchorro culture.
Armenia, Quindío Department
Armenia is a Colombian city and capital of the Quindío Department, founded on October 14, 1889. It is a central economic hub for the coffee axis.
Asunción
Asunción, capital of Paraguay on the Paraguay River, founded 15 August 1537 by Juan de Salazar y Espinoza; known as the mother of cities, seat of all three government branches, and a growing metropolitan area of about 3.5 million facing flood challenges.
Avellaneda
Avellaneda names two Argentine places honoring president Nicolás Avellaneda: a city of 30,897 in Santa Fe founded 1879 by Friuli immigrants, and a Buenos Aires partido of 400,000, founded 1852 as Barracas al Sud, renamed 1904, home of Dock Sud port and Racing and Independiente.
Bahía Blanca
Bahía Blanca: Atlantic port city in southwest Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, founded 1828 as Fortaleza Protectora Argentina; 301,572 inhabitants (2010), deep-water port, UNS university, devastated by March 2025 flood.
Bariloche
Bariloche (San Carlos de Bariloche), Argentine Andean city on Lake Nahuel Huapi in Río Negro; founded 1902 around Carlos Wiederhold's 1895 store; gateway to Nahuel Huapi National Park, alpine architecture, Centro Cívico, ski and chocolate tourism.
Barinas (city)
Barinas is a western Venezuelan city, capital of Barinas state, founded in 1577 as Altamira de Cáceres and twice relocated, to Moromoy in 1628 and to San Antonio de los Cerritos in 1759-1762, growing from tobacco and cattle.
Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto is a city in western Venezuela, capital of Lara state, founded in 1552 by Juan de Villegas and considered the country's fourth city behind Caracas, Maracaibo, and Valencia.
Barrancabermeja
Barrancabermeja, also La Tora, is a district of Santander, Colombia, on the Magdalena River; founded 12 October 1536, municipality in 1922, home of Colombia's largest oil refinery and Ecopetrol's birthplace after the 1951 De Mares Reversión.
Barranquilla
Barranquilla (la Arenosa), Colombia's fourth-largest city on the Magdalena River near the Caribbean, capital of Atlántico; major port and home of the UNESCO-recognized Carnival de Barranquilla.
Baruta
Baruta: municipality of Miranda state southeast of Caracas, Venezuela, and its colonial town center. Founded as an encomienda in 1568 and a doctrina town in 1620/1621; renamed Villa de Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Baruta in 1655; municipality since 1987.
Bello
Bello, Antioquia, Colombia: municipality in the north of the Aburrá Valley, conurbated with Medellín, called the City of Artists, second most populous in the valley, municipality since 1913, site of the 2025 Granizal landslide.
Blumenau
Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil: municipality founded 2 September 1850 by Hermann Bruno Otto Blumenau with 17 colonists; German heritage, Oktoberfest, beer capital, 361,261 people (2022 census), Itajaí-Açu floods.
Bogotá
Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia's capital and largest city at 2,640 m on the Andean savanna; ~7.9 million people, 33% of national GDP (region), TransMilenio BRT model, Ciclovía, 2024-25 water rationing, metro Line 1 under construction.
Bucaramanga
Bucaramanga, "La ciudad bonita", is the capital of Santander department, Colombia, founded 22 December 1622 as a pueblo de indios; about 620,000 inhabitants, metropolitan area 1.1 million, footwear industry hub.
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal) is Argentina's capital and largest urban area on the Río de la Plata: 2.9 million residents, a 16.4-million metropolitan region, autonomy since 1994, and marked socio-spatial inequality.
Buga, Valle del Cauca
Buga, formally Guadalajara de Buga, is a colonial city in Valle del Cauca, Colombia, and a pilgrimage site for its Basílica del Señor de los Milagros.
Cachoeira, Bahia
Cachoeira, Bahia is a historic colonial port town on the Paraguaçu River in Brazil, honored as the Heroic City for its role in Bahian independence.
Cali
Cali (Santiago de Cali), capital of Valle del Cauca, Colombia; third-largest city, founded 1536 by Sebastián de Belalcázar; world salsa capital, 'La Sucursal del Cielo', host of COP16 and the 1971 Pan American Games.
Callao
Callao (Provincia Constitucional del Callao) is Peru's principal Pacific port city west of Lima, founded 1537, hit by the 1746 earthquake, made a Constitutional Province in 1857, with over 1 million people and Jorge Chávez airport.
Capiatá
Capiatá is a city in the Central Department of Paraguay, in the metropolitan area of Asunción about 20 km from the capital, one of the country's largest cities with 236,999 inhabitants at the 2022 census.
Caracas
Caracas (Santiago de León de Caracas), capital of Venezuela, founded 1567 by Diego de Losada in a Coast Range valley; primate city of about 2.94 million, shaped by the oil boom, ranchos, high violence, and the June 2026 earthquakes.