190 articles
Cartagena, Colombia
Cartagena de Indias: Caribbean port city in Bolívar, Colombia, founded 1533 by Pedro de Heredia; UNESCO World Heritage walled city and fortresses (1984), Colombia's largest port, major tourist destination facing sea-level rise and flooding.
Cartago, Valle del Cauca
Cartago is a municipality in northern Valle del Cauca, Colombia, on the La Vieja and Cauca rivers, founded in 1540 by Jorge Robledo and moved in 1691.
Cascavel, Paraná
Cascavel, Paraná: major municipality in western Paraná, Brazil (IBGE code 4104808), capital of the Oeste Paranaense; 348,051 people (2022 census), created 1951 from Foz do Iguaçu, agribusiness economy, Show Rural Coopavel host.
Castrovirreyna
Castrovirreyna, also written Castrovirreina, is a town and historic silver-mining district in the Andes of Huancavelica, south-central Peru, founded by the viceroy García Hurtado de Mendoza in 1591.
Cerro de Pasco
Cerro de Pasco, a Peruvian Andean mining city at 4,380 m, capital of Pasco region; silver discovered 1630, dominant late-colonial silver center, later Cerro de Pasco Copper Corporation, now Volcan/Glencore open pit with severe lead contamination.
Chía, Cundinamarca
Chía is a municipality in Cundinamarca, Colombia, on the Bogotá savanna just north of Bogotá, named for the Moon goddess of Muisca mythology, who had a temple there.
Chiclayo
Chiclayo, Peru's fifth most populous city, capital of Lambayeque department and Chiclayo province (Ciudad de la Amistad). Commercial hub of northern Peru, gateway to the Lord of Sipán tombs, diocese of Pope Leo XIV, province of 20 districts.
Chucuito
Chucuito is a town in the Puno Province of southern Peru, on the western shore of Lake Titicaca about 18 km south of Puno, once the capital of the Aymara Lupaca kingdom.
Ciudad Bolívar
Ciudad Bolívar, formerly Angostura until 1846, is a Venezuelan Orinoco river port city, seat of the 1819 Congress of Angostura; also localidad 19 of Bogotá, Colombia.
Ciudad del Este
Ciudad del Este (formerly Puerto Flor de Lis, Ciudad Presidente Stroessner) is Paraguay's second city, capital of Alto Paraná, founded 3 February 1957 at the Triple Frontier with Brazil and Argentina; a border-shopping hub moving over US$4 billion a year beside the Itaipu Dam.
Ciudad Guayana
Ciudad Guayana, also Santo Tomé de Guayana, is a planned industrial city in Bolívar state, Venezuela, founded 2 July 1961 by merging San Félix and Puerto Ordaz as a steel, aluminum, and hydroelectric growth pole designed with MIT and Harvard planners.
Ciudad Ojeda
Ciudad Ojeda, Venezuela's first planned city, capital of Lagunillas municipality, Zulia, decreed 19 January 1937 by President Eleazar López Contreras to resettle survivors of the burned stilt town Lagunillas de Agua on Lake Maracaibo's eastern shore.
Cochabamba
Cochabamba, Bolivia's third largest city (691,970 inhabitants, 2,558 m altitude), founded 1571-1574 as Villa de Oropesa by order of Viceroy Francisco de Toledo; UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy since 2017, site of the 1999-2000 water war against the Aguas del Tunari concession.
Colonia del Sacramento
Colonia del Sacramento is a city in southwestern Uruguay on the Río de la Plata, founded by the Portuguese in 1680; its historic quarter is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Comodoro Rivadavia
Comodoro Rivadavia, a Patagonian coastal city in Chubut Province, Argentina, on the Golfo San Jorge; founded 1901, site of Argentina's 1907 first oil strike, capital of petroleum, population about 215,000.
Concepción, Biobio
Concepción, Biobío: Chilean city and comuna, capital of Concepción Province and the Biobío Region, founded 1550 by Pedro de Valdivia, moved after the 1751 earthquake; 230,375 inhabitants (2024 census), core of the Gran Concepción metro area.
Córdoba, Argentina
Córdoba, Argentina: major inland city founded 6 July 1573 by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera on the Suquía River; capital of Córdoba Province, home of Argentina's first university (1613) and the UNESCO Jesuit Block and Estancias (2000).
Coro
Coro (Santa Ana de Coro), Venezuela: colonial city founded 1527, first capital of the Captaincy General of Venezuela, UNESCO World Heritage site with La Vela since 1993, on the danger list since 2005, known for earthen bahareque, adobe and tapia architecture.
Corrientes
Corrientes (San Juan de Vera de las Siete Corrientes) is the capital of Corrientes Province, Argentina, on the Paraná River. Founded 3 April 1588; 430,170 residents (2022 census); home of chamamé and the Argentine Carnival.
Cúa
Cúa is a city in Miranda state, Venezuela, capital of Urdaneta Municipality in the Valles del Tuy, about 36 km south of Caracas. Founded in the 1690s, destroyed by the 1878 earthquake, it is the terminus of the Caracas–Cúa railway.
Cúcuta
Cúcuta (San José de Cúcuta), capital of Norte de Santander, Colombia, founded 1733 by Juana Rangel de Cuéllar; 777,101 inhabitants, sixth-largest municipality, main Colombia–Venezuela border crossing with 48,000–60,000 daily crossers and 51% of binational trade.
Cuenca, Ecuador
Cuenca (Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca) is Ecuador's third city, capital of Azuay province, founded 12 April 1557 on Inca Tomebamba; its historic centre has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1999. Distinct from Cuenca, Spain.
Cumaná
Cumaná, also Nueva Córdoba, is the capital of Sucre state, Venezuela, founded in 1520 as the first permanent European-built settlement in Latin America, a Gulf of Cariaco port shaken by major earthquakes in 1530 and 1766.
Cusco
Cusco (Cuzco, Qusqu), Peru: former capital of the Inca Empire Tawantinsuyu at 3,400 m, Spanish refounded 1534, UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983, gateway to Machu Picchu.
Daule
Daule is a canton in Guayas province on Ecuador's coast, about 45 km from Guayaquil, known as the country's rice capital and its fastest-growing territory.
Dosquebradas
Dosquebradas, Risaralda, Colombia: industrial satellite municipality of Pereira in the Eje Cafetero, named for the Santa Teresita and Las Garzas streams. Founded 1844, municipality since 1972; about 225,540 people, 70.58 km², 1,460 m elevation.
Duitama
Duitama is a municipality in Boyacá, Colombia, named for the Muisca cacique Tundama, founded by the Spanish in 1602 and made a municipality in 1819 by Simón Bolívar.
Duque de Caxias
Duque de Caxias, Baixada Fluminense municipality in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, created 1943 from Nova Iguaçu and named for the Duke of Caxias; 808,161 people (2022), oil refining and industrial economy.
El Tigre, Anzoátegui
El Tigre is a Venezuelan oil city in southern Anzoátegui state, capital of Simón Rodríguez Municipality on the Mesa de Guanipa, founded 23 February 1933 around Gulf Oil's OG-1 well, population roughly 203,000-236,000.
Eloy Alfaro
Eloy Alfaro, also known as Durán, is a city and canton in Guayas, Ecuador, across the Guayas River from Guayaquil, named for President Eloy Alfaro and home to over 300,000 people.