710 articles
Estero Real - Tempisque
Estero Real - Tempisque: freshwater ecoregion 204 of tropical and subtropical coastal rivers on Central America's Pacific coast, from the Golfo de Fonseca to the Golfo de Nicoya across Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica; no known endemic fishes; about 12.47% protected.
Euphrates
The Euphrates is western Asia's longest river, rising in Turkey and flowing through Syria and Iraq to join the Tigris; 2,786 km long, 25 billion m³ annual flow, central to Mesopotamian civilization and modern water disputes.
Feather River
Feather River: major Sierra Nevada tributary of the Sacramento River in Northern California, 4,400-square-mile watershed. Site of Bidwell's 1848 gold strike, Oroville Dam (State Water Project keystone), and salmon hatchery and gravel restoration.
Flint River
Flint River (Georgia), also called Thronateeska or Rio de Capachequi, is an unimpeded 200-plus-mile Georgia river rising near Hartsfield-Jackson airport, joining the Chattahoochee at Lake Seminole, central to the ACF water war.
Floodplain
Floodplain: flat low-lying land bordering a river, also called flood plain, inundated during floods and built of flood deposits. Defined by 100-year (1% annual chance) flood zones, floodways, hydrologic connectivity, and levee-altered management.
Floods in India
Floods in India: the country's most destructive natural disaster, affecting over 2% of land yearly at USD 7 billion average loss; riverine, flash, glacial-lake, and urban floods with forecasting by CWC and IMD.
Fly (landform)
Fly (landform): the Fly River, Papua New Guinea's longest river, with Ok Tedi and Strickland tributaries, a tide-dominated delta, and Ok Tedi mine impacts.
Ford (crossing)
Ford (river crossing): a shallow place in a river crossed by wading, riding or driving; also called a wet crossing. Oldest crossing type, source of place-names like Oxford, cheaper but flood-prone compared with bridges and ferries.
Fraser
Fraser most often means the Fraser River, British Columbia's longest river (1,375 km), an undammed main-stem salmon river named for explorer Simon Fraser, site of the 1858 gold rush.
Fraser River
Fraser River: longest river in British Columbia (1,375 km), undammed main stem, draining a quarter of the province to the Strait of Georgia; famed for salmon, Simon Fraser's 1808 descent, and the Port of Vancouver.
Gan
Gan (赣江, Ganjiang) is Jiangxi Province's largest river, a 766 km Yangtze tributary via Poyang Lake, draining about 82,000 km², supplying most of the lake's water and sediment, and anchoring Jiangxi's shipping and water management.
Gandaki River (गण्डकी नदी)
The Gandaki River (गण्डकी नदी), called Narayani in Nepal and Gandak in India, is a major transboundary river rising in the Himalayas and joining the Ganges on its left bank.
Ganges
The Ganges (Ganga) is a 2,495 km Himalayan river flowing to the Bay of Bengal, sacred to Hindus, supporting over 400 million people, and the focus of India's Namami Gange cleanup program.
Ganges Delta & Plain
Ganges Delta & Plain, FEOW freshwater ecoregion 709, spans Bangladesh, India, and Nepal from New Delhi to the Ganges Delta, with 11 endemic fish species, within the world's largest delta facing subsidence and sea-level rise.
Ganges Himalayan Foothills
Ganges Himalayan Foothills (FEOW ecoregion 710): Indo-Malay montane freshwater ecoregion on the southern Himalayan slope of the Ganges basin in India, Nepal, and China, with 11 endemic fish species, delineated by topography and climate, draining to the Bay of Bengal.
Genale
Genale (Ganale, Genale Dorya) is a river rising in Ethiopia's Mendebo Mountains, flowing southeast to Dolo on the Somalia border where it joins the Dawa to form the Juba; it drains Ethiopia's third-largest basin, about 171,000 km², with 5.8–6 billion m³ annual flow and the 254 MW Genale Dawa III dam.
Ghaggar-Hakra River
The Ghaggar-Hakra River is an ephemeral India-Pakistan river whose paleochannel was a former Sutlej course, abandoned 11-8 ka, later sustaining monsoon-fed Harappan settlements and identified by many with the Vedic Sarasvati.
Gila (landform)
Gila River, from Yuma "Hahquahsaael" via Spanish "Xila": major Southwest river rising in New Mexico's Gila National Forest, joining the Colorado at Yuma; Huhugam canals, Coolidge Dam (1928), 1935 Gila Decree, severe 2026 drought.
Godavari River
Godavari River: major peninsular Indian river, also called Dakshina Ganga, rising near Trimbak, Maharashtra, flowing 1,465 km to the Bay of Bengal; second largest river in India with a 312,000 sq km basin across six states.
Grande (river, Bolivia)
Río Grande (Guapay), Bolivian Andean river formed by the Caine and San Pedro, tributary of the Mamoré–Madeira–Amazon system; ~100,000 km² basin with Santa Cruz and Cochabamba, heavy January–March floods.
Great Flood of 1862
The Great Flood of 1862 (winter 1861–1862) was California's most severe recorded flood, driven by successive atmospheric rivers that dropped up to 37 inches of rain, drowned Sacramento, killed thousands, and destroyed a third of taxable property.
Great Flood of 1993
The Great Flood of 1993, or Flood of 93, was a flood of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers across nine US states and the costliest in US history.
Great Ruaha
Great Ruaha River, in southwestern Tanzania, a 750 km tributary of the Rufiji feeding the Mtera and Kidatu dams, which generate roughly half of Tanzania's electricity; perennial until it first dried in December 1993 due to upstream Usangu rice irrigation.
Grijalva - Usumacinta
Grijalva-Usumacinta: Mexico's largest river system, joining in Tabasco; drains ~112,550 km², ~30% of national runoff, delta seventh worldwide by discharge; Usumacinta undammed in Mexico, Grijalva dammed since 1964; FEOW freshwater ecoregion 173.
Guadiana
Guadiana, Iberian river rising in Spain and forming the Spain-Portugal border to the Atlantic; heavily dammed (39 reservoirs, Alqueva, Europe's largest artificial lake) with a depleted upper aquifer and a shared transboundary estuary.
Guaporé
Guaporé is a river rising on the Mato Grosso plateau in western Brazil, about 1,550 km long, forming the Brazil–Bolivia border before joining the Mamoré River.
Guapore - Itenez
Guaporé - Iténez, FEOW freshwater ecoregion 319 in Bolivia and Brazil; the Rio Guaporé (Río Iténez), a clearwater Brazilian Shield tributary of the Madeira with 25 endemic fish species including Corydoras and Phreatobius sanguijuela.
Gulf of St.Lawrence Coastal Drainages
Gulf of St.Lawrence Coastal Drainages, freshwater ecoregion 114 (FEOW), temperate coastal rivers in Quebec and Labrador; north-shore Gulf of St. Lawrence drainages from the Saguenay east, with Lake Manicouagan impact-crater lake and no endemic fishes.
Gulf of Venice Drainages
Gulf of Venice Drainages (FEOW ecoregion 415): freshwater ecoregion of northern Italy's Adriatic-draining rivers, dominated by the Po basin, with glacial lakes Garda, Maggiore, Como, and Iseo and about a third endemic fish species.
Gurupí
Gurupi (Rio Gurupi, Gurupy) is a river in the eastern Amazon of Brazil, forming the Pará-Maranhão border, with a ~35,000 km² basin, a macrotidal blackwater estuary, the Rebio Gurupi reserve, and the Gurupi Mosaic; distinct from Gurupi municipality in Tocantins.