519,064 articles
Applied Optoelectronics
Applied Optoelectronics (AAOI) is an American manufacturer of optical networking components, founded in 1997 and headquartered in Sugar Land, Texas, serving data center, cable television, and telecom markets.
Applied pharmacology of spider toxins
Applied pharmacology of spider toxins is the study and exploitation of spider venom components as drug leads, pharmacological probes, biopesticides, and antivenom immunogens, distinct from treating bites.
Applied Physics Letters
Applied Physics Letters (APL) is a weekly peer-reviewed journal from the American Institute of Physics publishing concise reports of new applied physics findings, founded in 1962.
Applied psychology
Applied psychology is the use of psychological research methods and findings to solve practical problems in health, work, education, law, and technology, spanning specialties like clinical and industrial-organizational psychology.
Applied Robotics
Applied Robotics is an American manufacturer of robotic end-of-arm tooling, including XCHANGE tool changers and QuickSTOP collision sensors, founded in 1983 and based in Glenville, New York.
Applied science
Applied science is the branch of inquiry that uses scientific knowledge for practical aims, coined by Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1817 and central to modern applied research statistics.
Applied spectroscopy
Applied spectroscopy is the use of spectroscopic measurement to determine the composition and structure of real samples, covering infrared, Raman, mass, NMR, and X-ray techniques.
Applied Therapeutics
Applied Therapeutics was a clinical-stage New York biopharmaceutical company whose lead drug govorestat targeted Galactosemia; after an FDA rejection it was acquired by Cycle Pharmaceuticals in 2026.
Appliqué
Appliqué, from French appliquer (to apply), is a needlework technique of stitching cut fabric shapes onto a ground cloth; distinct from patchwork and reverse appliqué, it dates back at least 3,300 years to Tutankhamun's Egypt.
Appliqué thangka
An appliqué thangka, called gos sku in Tibetan, is a Tibetan Buddhist devotional image stitched from shaped pieces of silk and brocade, first made in the 15th century.
AppLovin
AppLovin is an American advertising technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, founded in 2012 and listed on Nasdaq in 2021; it reported $5.5 billion in revenue for 2025.
Applus IDIADA
Applus IDIADA is a Spanish automotive engineering and testing company near Barcelona, best known for its Santa Oliva proving ground and Euro NCAP crash testing.
AppNeta
AppNeta, formerly Apparent Networks, is a software-as-a-service network performance monitoring platform founded in Boston in 2011, acquired by Broadcom, and now part of its DX NetOps suite.
Appointment in Samarra
Appointment in Samarra is John O'Hara's 1934 debut novel about Julian English, a Cadillac dealer in fictional Gibbsville, Pennsylvania, whose three-day social collapse ends in suicide; title from Maugham's Sheppey.
Appointment of Fujiwara no Yoshifusa as Regent
In 866, after the Ōtenmon Incident, Fujiwara no Yoshifusa (藤原良房) became regent for the child Emperor Seiwa, the first regent not of imperial blood and origin of Fujiwara regency politics.
Appointment of Tahir ibn al-Husayn to the eastern governorate
The appointment of Tahir ibn al-Husayn to the eastern governorate was Caliph al-Ma'mun's grant of Khorasan and the eastern provinces to his general in 820.
Appointment of the first shugo and jitō
The appointment of the first shugo and jitō (守護・地頭の設置) was the 1185 authorization letting Minamoto no Yoritomo place military governors and estate stewards, widely treated as a founding moment of warrior government.
Appointment with Death
Appointment with Death is Agatha Christie's 1938 Hercule Poirot novel set at Petra, where the tyrannical Mrs Boynton is found dead; adapted by Christie as a 1945 play with a changed killer, and for the 1988 Ustinov film, Suchet TV, and Japanese TV.
Appomattox Court House National Historical Park
Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, a National Park Service unit in Appomattox County, Virginia, preserves the village and McLean House where Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to Grant on April 9, 1865.
Apportionment in the European Parliament
Apportionment in the European Parliament allocates its 720 seats among EU Member States under Article 14(2) TEU: 6 to 96 seats each, degressive proportionality, European Council Decision 2023/2061, no permanent formula yet.
Apportionment paradox
Apportionment paradox: counterintuitive failures of seat-allocation methods, including the Alabama paradox, population paradox, and new-states paradox; Hamilton/largest-remainder method suffers all three while divisor methods avoid them.
Appreciative inquiry
Appreciative inquiry is a strengths-based organizational change method developed by David Cooperrider in 1986, which engages stakeholders in asking positive questions about what gives life to an organization at its best.
Apprenticeship
Apprenticeship: structured, paid training combining on-the-job and off-the-job learning under an apprenticeship agreement, leading to a recognized qualification; defined by ILO R208 (2023), rooted in medieval guilds.
Apprenticeship learning
Apprenticeship learning is a reinforcement learning method that learns a near-expert policy from expert demonstrations when no reward function is given, used in tasks like driving and autonomous helicopter flight.
Approach and Landing Tests
The Approach and Landing Tests were 1977 NASA flight tests in which the Space Shuttle prototype Enterprise was released from a Boeing 747 to glide to a landing.
Approach lighting system
An approach lighting system (ALS), or lead-in lights, is a configuration of signal lights extending from a runway threshold to guide pilots transitioning from instrument to visual flight.
Approach-avoidance task
The approach-avoidance task is a psychology reaction-time paradigm measuring automatic approach and avoidance tendencies, introduced by Andrew Solarz in 1960 and widely used in research on addiction and phobias.
Appropriate Adult
Appropriate adult: UK PACE Code C safeguard for children and vulnerable adults in police custody, also the 2011 ITV1 two-part drama about Janet Leach and Fred West, starring Dominic West and Emily Watson, BAFTA-winning in 2012.
Appropriate Behavior
Appropriate Behavior is a 2014 American comedy written, directed by, and starring Desiree Akhavan as Shirin, a bisexual Iranian-American Brooklynite. Sundance Next premiere, 86 minutes, 97% on Rotten Tomatoes, partly inspired by Akhavan's breakup with Ingrid Jungermann.
Appropriate technology
Appropriate technology, also called intermediate technology, is technology designed to fit the local social and environmental context, typically small-scale and low-cost, developed from E. F. Schumacher's ideas.