Edgepedia

Artificial Limbs

Artificial limbs are prosthetic replacements for arms, legs, and parts thereof, fitted after trauma, disease, or surgery; types range from passive cosmetic devices to mechanical and myoelectric bionic limbs.

Artificial Liver

Artificial liver, or extracorporeal liver support: MARS, SPAD, Prometheus, plasma exchange, and bioartificial hepatocyte devices that temporarily filter blood in liver failure to bridge patients to transplant or recovery; survival benefit unproven except plasma exchange in ACLF.

Artificial metalloenzyme

An artificial metalloenzyme (ArM) is a hybrid catalyst pairing an abiotic metal cofactor with a protein scaffold, first reported in 1956 and tunable by directed evolution.

Artificial metalloenzyme for olefin metathesis

An artificial metalloenzyme for olefin metathesis, or artificial metathase, is a protein hybrid catalyst first reported in 2011 that performs the new-to-nature olefin metathesis reaction in water.

Artificial metalloenzyme nitrene transfer

Artificial metalloenzyme nitrene transfer is the catalytic insertion of nitrenes into unreactive C–H bonds by artificial metalloenzymes and engineered P450s, giving selective C–H amination and aziridination for drug synthesis.

Artificial metalloenzymes for asymmetric catalysis

Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) for asymmetric catalysis combine a synthetic metal cofactor with a protein scaffold, yielding chiral products, with anchoring methods and directed evolution for optimization.

Artificial metalloenzymes for transfer hydrogenation

Artificial metalloenzymes for transfer hydrogenation are hybrid catalysts anchoring a synthetic Ru or Ir piano-stool complex inside a protein scaffold to reduce ketones and imines asymmetrically.

Artificial molecular pump

An artificial molecular pump is a wholly synthetic molecular machine that uses light, catalysis, or external energy input to build and maintain a chemical potential gradient between molecular species.

Artificial multiferroics

Artificial multiferroics are engineered two-phase FM/FE heterostructures combining a ferromagnet and a ferroelectric, coupled at their interface so an electric field controls magnetism without current, dissipating far less energy.

Artificial nails

Artificial nails: cosmetic enhancements over the natural nail, chiefly acrylic (liquid-powder) and UV/LED-cured gel systems, plus press-ons. Known for acrylate sensitization risk (HEMA), nail damage, infection concerns in healthcare, and growing press-on sales.

Artificial neuron

An artificial neuron, first modeled as the 1943 McCulloch–Pitts neuron, is a mathematical function computing weighted inputs with a bias and an activation, the basic unit of artificial neural networks.

Artificial Organs

Artificial organs: devices replacing non-functioning organ function, from dialysis and the heart-lung machine to total artificial hearts, bioartificial systems, and gene-edited pig organ xenotransplantation now entering first clinical trials.

Artificial Pancreas

Artificial pancreas, also called closed-loop or automated insulin delivery system: CGM, insulin pump, and control algorithm mimicking the pancreas; hybrid systems like MiniMed 780G and Control-IQ improve time in range in type 1 diabetes.

Artificial Paradise (OneRepublic album)

Artificial Paradise is OneRepublic's sixth studio album, released July 12, 2024 on Mosley Music/Interscope; a roughly 38-minute, 16-song set including "I Ain't Worried" and media tie-in tracks, with Deluxe (18) and Super Deluxe (28) editions.

Oct 15, 2026

Artificial pheromone

An artificial pheromone is an engineered signal mimicking insect trail chemicals, carried by light, chemicals, or virtual maps, that lets robot swarms coordinate tasks like foraging, exploration, and coverage without central control.

Artificial photosynthesis

Artificial photosynthesis is a family of chemical technologies that mimic natural photosynthesis, using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make storable fuels such as hydrogen without plants' biological machinery.

Artificial Pneumoperitoneum

Artificial pneumoperitoneum: deliberate gas insufflation of the peritoneal cavity, usually with carbon dioxide at 12-16 mmHg, to create the working space for laparoscopy; first tried by Mosetig-Moorhof in 1893, formerly used as tuberculosis collapsotherapy.

Artificial Pneumothorax

Artificial pneumothorax, also called therapeutic pneumothorax or lung collapse therapy, is a procedure injecting gas into the pleural cavity to collapse the lung, formerly used to treat tuberculosis.

Artificial potential field method

The artificial potential field method is a robot path planning technique introduced by Oussama Khatib in 1986 that steers robots toward goals using attractive and repulsive forces.

Artificial protease

An artificial protease is a synthetic, non-enzymatic catalyst that cleaves peptide bonds in proteins, mimicking natural proteases like trypsin. Examples include metal complexes, metal-oxo clusters, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

Artificial rabbits optimization

Artificial rabbits optimization (ARO) is a population-based, nature-inspired metaheuristic introduced in 2022 that mimics rabbit detour foraging and random hiding to solve numerical and engineering optimization problems.

Artificial reef

Artificial reef: a human-made structure deliberately or unintentionally submerged to mimic natural reef habitat, built from ships, concrete, limestone, or steel; supports fish communities comparable to natural reefs but is not a full substitute.

Artificial regeneration

Artificial regeneration is the re-establishment of a forest stand by direct seeding or planting nursery-grown seedlings instead of relying on natural seed fall, a practice recorded as early as 1368.

Artificial respiration

Artificial respiration is the manual or mechanical ventilation of a person's lungs when natural breathing is inadequate or absent, spanning rescue breathing, bag-valve-mask support, and invasive mechanical ventilation.

Artificial siliconase

Artificial siliconase is an engineered enzyme made in 2016 by Frances Arnold's Caltech group from a bacterial cytochrome c, catalyzing carbon-silicon bond formation, a reaction unknown in biology.

Artificial Skin

Artificial skin (Skin, Artificial; skin substitutes): bioengineered or synthetic materials, such as Integra, Biobrane, and cultured epithelial autografts, that temporarily or permanently replace skin lost to burns and chronic wounds; vascularization and appendage restoration remain unsolved.