5,963 articles
Ottoman Interregnum
Ottoman Interregnum (Fetret Devri), 1402-1413 civil war among Bayezid I's sons after Timur's victory at Ankara; Süleyman, İsa, Musa, and Mehmed fought until Mehmed I won in 1413.
Ottoman occupation of Georgia
The Ottoman occupation of Georgia was the Ottoman Empire's occupation of Batumi and adjacent districts from April 1918 until December 1918, when it withdrew under the Armistice of Mudros.
Ottoman wars in Europe
The Ottoman wars in Europe were the many wars the Ottoman Empire fought against European states from the late Middle Ages into the early twentieth century.
Ottoman–Ethiopian War
The Ottoman–Ethiopian War (1557–1589) was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Christian Ethiopian Empire, beginning with the seizure of Massawa in 1557 and the creation of the Ottoman province of Habeş.
Ottoman–Habsburg wars
The Ottoman–Habsburg wars were a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy, fought over Hungary and the Danube frontier from 1526 to 1791.
Ottoman–Hungarian Wars
The Ottoman–Hungarian Wars were conflicts between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire ending with Mohács in 1526, after which central Hungary was under Ottoman rule for 150 years.
Ottoman–Persian War (1505–1517)
The Ottoman–Safavid War (1514) was the initial conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid state of Persia, culminating in the Ottoman victory at Čālderān on August 23, 1514.
Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei
The Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei (奥羽越列藩同盟) was a military alliance of 31 domains in northeastern Japan, formed in 1868 during the Boshin War to resist the Meiji government.
Overland Campaign
The Overland Campaign (May 4 to mid-June 1864) was Grant's Virginia drive against Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, fought at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, and Cold Harbor, ending with the James crossing and the Petersburg siege.
Owen Tudor
Owen Tudor (Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur, c. 1400-1461), Welsh courtier who secretly married Catherine of Valois, widow of Henry V; father of Edmund and Jasper Tudor, grandfather of Henry VII, founder of the Tudor dynasty; beheaded at Hereford after Mortimer's Cross.
P. G. T. Beauregard
P. G. T. Beauregard (1818–1893), Louisiana Creole engineer and first Confederate brigadier general, commanded the Fort Sumter bombardment, won First Bull Run, defended Charleston and Petersburg, and postwar promoted railroads, the Louisiana Lottery, and Black civil rights.
Pacific Ocean theater of World War II
The Pacific Ocean theater of World War II was the region where the United States and its allies fought Japan from 1941 to 1945, beginning at Pearl Harbor.
Pacific War
The Pacific War was the part of World War II fought between Japan and the Allies, opening with the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941 and ending in 1945.
Pacification of Eastern Galicia
The Pacification of Eastern Galicia was a punitive police and military operation carried out by the Second Polish Republic against Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia in autumn 1930.
Pacification of Libya
The Pacification of Libya was the campaign by which Fascist Italy reoccupied Tripolitania and Cyrenaica between 1922 and 1932, crushing Senussi resistance and hanging its leader, Umar al-Mukhtar.
Pacification of Samar
Pacification of Samar: the 1901-1902 US counterinsurgency campaign on Samar island during the Philippine-American War, provoked by the Balangiga attack; General Jacob Smith's 'howling wilderness' orders, Waller's march, courts-martial, and 15,000 estimated deaths distinguish it.
Pahang Uprising
The Pahang Uprising was an 1891 to 1895 Malay rebellion in Pahang against British rule, led by the chiefs Dato' Bahaman, Tok Gajah, and Mat Kilau.
Pakistani Instrument of Surrender
The Pakistani Instrument of Surrender is the document signed by Lieutenant-General A.A.K. Niazi at Dhaka on 16 December 1971, ending the Bangladesh Liberation War and creating Bangladesh.
Pakistani Taliban
The Pakistani Taliban, formally Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), is an alliance of Islamist militant groups founded in 2007 under Baitullah Mehsud, distinct from but allied with the Afghan Taliban, UN-listed as Al-Qaida-associated (QDe.132), currently led by Noor Wali Mehsud.
Paknam incident
The Paknam incident was a military engagement on 13 July 1893 at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River, when French gunboats forced their way past Siamese defenses toward Bangkok.
Palace of Justice siege
The Palace of Justice siege, known in Colombia as the Toma del Palacio de Justicia, was the M-19 guerrilla seizure of Colombia's Supreme Court in Bogotá in 1985.
Palace Rebellion
The Palace Rebellion of 1912 (Thai: กบฏ ร.ศ. 130) was a failed conspiracy by junior military officers to overthrow Siam's absolute monarchy, ended by mass arrests.
Palaris Revolt
The Palaris Revolt was an uprising against Spanish rule in Pangasinan, Philippines, led by Juan de la Cruz Palaris from 1762 until his execution in 1765.
Palawan massacre
The Palawan massacre was the killing of 139 American prisoners of war by Japanese forces at Camp 10-A near Puerto Princesa, Philippines, on December 14, 1944.
Palembang War
The Palembang War (Perang Palembang) refers to the armed conflicts of 1819 and 1821 between the Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam in southern Sumatra and the Dutch colonial government.
Palestinian Authority–West Bank militias conflict
Palestinian Authority–West Bank militias conflict: armed clashes between PA security forces and local militias such as the Jenin Battalion and Lions' Den, peaking in the December 2024 PA siege of Jenin camp, with 14 killed and a January 2025 weapons-surrender deal disrupted by Israel's Iron Wall operation.
Palestinian political violence
Palestinian political violence: armed force by Palestinian actors for political aims, from Mandate-era attacks and the 1964 PLO and Fatah to Second Intifada suicide bombings and the 7 October 2023 Hamas-led attack, alongside a nonviolent resistance strand.
Palestinian refugees
Palestinian refugees: people resident in Palestine 1946-1948 who lost home and livelihood in the 1948 war, plus registered descendants. UNRWA serves 5.9 million across five fields; funding crisis and disputed status define the subject.
Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel: Qassam and Grad rockets fired from Gaza mainly by Hamas and Islamic Jihad since 2001, recurring escalations in 2008-09, 2012, 2014, 2021, and 2023, widely assessed as unlawful attacks on civilians.
Palestinian suicide attacks
Palestinian suicide attacks: suicide bombings by Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad and others against Israel from 1993 onward, peaking with 138 attacks in the Second Intifada (2000-2005), then declining sharply under Israeli countermeasures.