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Communist armed conflicts in the Philippines
Communist armed conflicts in the Philippines: the CPP-NPA protracted people's war, begun in 1968 and the world's longest-running Maoist insurgency, alongside earlier Huk rebellion; peace talks, counterinsurgency under EO 70, and current status.
Communist insurgency in Sarawak
Sarawak Communist Insurgency (1962-1990): armed conflict in Sarawak, Borneo, between the Sarawak Communist Organisation/CCO and NKCP guerrillas (PGRS, PARAKU) and British then Malaysian forces, sparked by the 1962 Brunei Revolt, fought through Konfrontasi, and ended by the 1973 Sri Aman Treaty and the 17 October 1990 NKCP peace agreement.
Communist Party of India (Maoist)
The Communist Party of India (Maoist), or CPI Maoist, is an underground Maoist armed group in India, formed in 2004 and banned as a terrorist organization.
Communist Party of Kampuchea
The Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), the Khmer Rouge party, secretly ruled Democratic Kampuchea 1975-1979 under Pol Pot; its policies killed an estimated 1.5-2 million people before Vietnam's invasion ended its rule in January 1979.
Communist Party of the Philippines
Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), also CPP-NPA-NDF: Maoist party founded 26 December 1968 by Jose Maria Sison, waging the world's longest-running communist insurgency through the New People's Army since 1969; peak 26,000 fighters, now below 900.
Condor Legion
The Condor Legion (Legion Condor) was the Luftwaffe 'volunteer' force sent by Hitler to aid Franco in the Spanish Civil War, 1936–39; it pioneered finger-four tactics, bombed Guernica in 1937, and served as a Luftwaffe rehearsal for World War II.
Confederados
Confederados (Os Confederados) are Confederate expatriates from the post-Civil War American South who settled in Brazil, where slavery was legal until 1888, founding Americana and Santa Bárbara d'Oeste; descendants still hold the Festa Confederada.
Confederate (TV series)
Confederate was an unproduced HBO alternate-history drama announced July 19, 2017 by Game of Thrones creators David Benioff and D.B. Weiss, imagining a seceded South where slavery remained legal; after intense backlash it was cancelled by 2019.
Confederate gold
Confederate gold: the Confederate treasury's gold and silver, carried by wagon from Danville with Jefferson Davis in April 1865 and partly robbed at Chennault Plantation, Georgia, on May 24, 1865; source of enduring treasure legends.
Confederate Memorial Day
Confederate Memorial Day, also called Confederate Decoration Day, is a spring observance honoring Confederate Civil War dead, begun by the Columbus, Georgia Ladies Memorial Association on April 26, 1866, and observed on varying state dates from April to June.
Confederate orders of battle
A Confederate order of battle lists the Confederate commanders and units, arranged from corps through divisions and brigades to regiments, that took part in a Civil War battle or campaign.
Confederate States Army
Confederate States Army, land force of the Confederate States of America (Provisional Army, Army of the CSA), raised from scratch in 1861, fought the Union in the Civil War, peaked above 600,000 men, adopted America's first national draft in 1862, and was defeated in 1865.
Congo Crisis
The Congo Crisis (1960–1965), also known as the Congo Crisis and Katanga secession period, was post-independence political collapse in the former Belgian Congo after 30 June 1960: army mutiny, Katanga's secession, the ONUC peacekeeping operation, Lumumba's assassination, and Mobutu's 1965 coup.
Coniston massacre
The Coniston massacre was a series of reprisal killings of Aboriginal people around Coniston station in Central Australia between August and October 1928, led by Constable George Murray.
Conquest of Chile
The conquest of Chile was the Spanish military occupation of present-day Chile, begun by Diego de Almagro in 1535 and carried forward by Pedro de Valdivia from 1540.
Conquest of Cyprus by Richard I
Richard I of England's May–June 1191 conquest of Byzantine Cyprus from Isaac Komnenos during the Third Crusade; island sold to the Templars, then the Lusignans, remaining under western rule until 1570–1.
Conquest of Kaffa
The conquest of Kaffa was the 1897 campaign in which Emperor Menelik II's forces under Ras Wolde Giorgis defeated the Kingdom of Kaffa and annexed it to the Ethiopian Empire.
Conquest of Kōshū
The Conquest of Kōshū (甲州征伐), also called the Conquest of the Takeda, was a February–March 1582 campaign in which Oda Nobunaga's forces destroyed the Takeda clan.
Conquest of Maranhão
The Conquest of Maranhão was the 1614–1615 Portuguese and Spanish campaign that expelled the French colony of France Équinoxiale from the island of Maranhão in northern Brazil.
Conquest of Mecca
Conquest of Mecca (Fatḥ Makkah, فتح مكة), January 630 CE (Ramadan 8 AH): Muhammad's 10,000-strong entry into Mecca after the Hudaybiyyah breach, marked by general amnesty, cleansing of the Ka'ba, and the submission of the Quraysh.
Conquest of the Desert
Conquest of the Desert (Conquista del Desierto), 1878–1885 Argentine military campaigns led by Julio A. Roca against Indigenous peoples of the Pampas and Patagonia, transferring about fourteen million hectares and now widely debated as genocide.
Conquest of the Khanate of Sibir
The Conquest of the Khanate of Sibir was the defeat of Kuchum Khan's Tatar state by Cossacks under Yermak Timofeyevich in 1581–1585, opening the Russian conquest of Siberia.
Conquest of the Lacandon frontier
The conquest of the Lacandon frontier was the Spanish campaign, from the 1530s to 1695–1697, to subdue the independent Maya of the rain forest in eastern Chiapas.
Conquest of Wolaita
The Conquest of Wolaita was the 1894 campaign by which Emperor Menilek II of Ethiopia destroyed the independent Wolaitta kingdom in southern Ethiopia, ending centuries of independence.
Conscription Crisis of 1917
Conscription Crisis of 1917 (Crise de la conscription de 1917): Canadian political crisis when Borden's Military Service Act (29 August 1917) imposed conscription on men 20 to 45, dividing French and English Canada, dominating the December 1917 election, and culminating in the deadly 1918 Quebec Easter riots.
Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor
Consequences of the Pearl Harbor attack: US entry into World War II on December 8, 1941, Japan's 1942 conquests, Executive Order 9066 incarceration of 120,000 Japanese Americans, and full US wartime mobilization.
Conspiracy of the Machetes
The Conspiracy of the Machetes (Conspiración de los Machetes) was an abortive 1799 plot against Spanish rule in Mexico City, led by Pedro de la Portilla.
Contestado War
The Contestado War (Guerra do Contestado) was an armed conflict fought from 1912 to 1916 on the Paraná–Santa Catarina plateau in southern Brazil, leaving about 20,000 dead.
Continuation War
Continuation War (Finnish: jatkosota), 25 June 1941 to 19 September 1944, Finland's second war with the Soviet Union, fought alongside Germany to regain Winter War losses, ending in the Moscow Armistice.
Contra War
The Contra War (Guerra de la Contra) was the 1981–1990 armed conflict in Nicaragua between the Sandinista government and US-backed Contras, ending with Violeta Chamorro's 1990 election victory.