5,963 articles
Controversies surrounding Yasukuni Shrine
Controversies surrounding Yasukuni Shrine (靖國神社), Tokyo's Shinto war-dead shrine: the secret 1978 enshrinement of 14 Class-A war criminals, prime ministerial visits, constitutional church-state disputes, and Chinese and Korean objections.
Convoy PQ 17
Convoy PQ 17, a 35-ship Allied Arctic convoy of June–July 1942 from Iceland to Arkhangelsk; ordered to scatter on 4 July 1942 by First Sea Lord Dudley Pound fearing Tirpitz; 24 ships sunk, only 11 reached port, the worst convoy disaster of World War II.
Copacabana Fort revolt
The Copacabana Fort revolt (Revolta dos 18 do Forte) was a 1922 army officers' uprising against President Epitácio Pessoa in Rio de Janeiro, first revolt of tenentismo.
Corfu incident
The Corfu incident was a 1923 crisis in which Fascist Italy bombarded and occupied the Greek island of Corfu after the murder of an Italian general.
Corinthian War (Κορινθιακός Πόλεμος)
The Corinthian War (Κορινθιακός Πόλεμος), 395–386 BC, pitted Sparta against Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos, with Persia initially backing the coalition; it ended with the Persian-imposed King's Peace of 387/386.
Corporals killings
Corporals killings: murder of British Army corporals Derek Wood and David Howes, dragged from their car and shot by a crowd and the Provisional IRA after straying into Kevin Brady's IRA funeral in west Belfast on 19 March 1988, days after Michael Stone's Milltown Cemetery attack.
Cossack collaboration with Nazi Germany
Cossack collaboration with Nazi Germany: Cossack military and civilian cooperation with the Third Reich, 1941–1945, including Kononov's regimental defection, Wehrmacht Cossack units, the Friuli settlement, and British repatriation to the USSR.
Cossack raids
Cossack raids were Zaporozhian and Don Cossack military expeditions, mainly by sea in chaika boats, against the Crimean Khanate, Nogai Horde, and Ottoman Black Sea territories from the late sixteenth century; the golden era around 1600-1630 saw strikes on Sinop, Kefe, Varna, Trabzon, and the Bosporus, ending with fixed borders and passport regimes.
Costa Rican Civil War
The Costa Rican Civil War was an armed conflict in 1948 in which rebels led by José Figueres Ferrer defeated President Teodoro Picado's government after a contested election.
Coto War
The Coto War (Guerra de Coto) was a brief 1921 conflict between Costa Rica and Panama over the Coto region, ending under United States pressure.
Council House Fight
The Council House Fight was a March 1840 clash in San Antonio, Texas, where troops killed Comanche peace leaders after trying to detain them for White captives.
Council of National Unity
The Council of National Unity, Rada Jedności Narodowej, was the underground parliament of the Polish Underground State, functioning in occupied Poland from January 1944 until July 1945.
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
CAATSA (Public Law 115-44, H.R. 3364) is the 2017 U.S. law imposing sanctions on Iran, Russia, and North Korea, passed 419-3 and 98-2, signed by Trump August 2, 2017, with Section 216 congressional review and Section 231 defense-sector sanctions.
Courland Pocket
Courland Pocket (Kurzemes katls, Kurland-Kessel): encirclement of German Army Group North, renamed Army Group Courland in January 1945, on the Courland Peninsula, Latvia, October 1944 to May 1945; six repelled Soviet offensives, sea-supplied via Liepāja, surrendered at Ezere.
Coventry Blitz
Coventry Blitz: Operation Moonlight Sonata, the Luftwaffe's concentrated raid on Coventry, England, on 14–15 November 1940; about 500 bombers destroyed St Michael's Cathedral, killed 554–568 people, and inspired the German word coventrieren.
Covina massacre
Covina massacre, also called the Covina Christmas massacre: a mass murder on Christmas Eve 2008 in Covina, California, by Bruce Jeffrey Pardo, 45, in a Santa suit, who shot and burned nine of his former in-laws before killing himself.
Creek War of 1836
The Creek War of 1836, also called the Second Creek War, was a conflict between the United States and a faction of the Creek Nation in Alabama.
Cretan Revolt (1866–1869)
The Cretan Revolt of 1866–1869, called the Great Cretan Revolution, was a Christian uprising against Ottoman rule on Crete seeking union with Greece, remembered for the 1866 holocaust of Arkadi Monastery and suppressed by January 1869.
Cripps Mission
Cripps Mission: March–April 1942 British initiative under Sir Stafford Cripps offering India post-war Dominion status, a Constituent Assembly, and provincial opt-out in exchange for wartime cooperation; rejected by Congress and the Muslim League, preceding Quit India.
Crips–Bloods gang war
The Crips–Bloods gang war is the conflict between Los Angeles's Crips and Bloods street gang alliances, which formed in 1969 over territory. It has claimed nearly 20,000 lives, produced the 1992 Watts truce, and now coexists with GRYD intervention programs.
Cristero War
The Cristero War (Guerra Cristera, La Cristiada) was Mexico's 1926-1929 armed conflict between Catholic Cristero rebels and the anticlerical revolutionary government of Plutarco Elías Calles, ending with the June 1929 Morrow-brokered arreglos.
Croat–Bosniak War
Croat–Bosniak War: 1992-1994 conflict between the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) and the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Bosnian War; ended with the Muslim-Croat Federation; ICTY convicted Bosnian Croat commanders such as Blaškić and Kordić.
Croatian War of Independence
Croatian War of Independence (Homeland War), 1991–1995 conflict after Croatia's split from Yugoslavia; Serb rebels and the JNA seized about a third of Croatia, Vukovar fell after an 87-day siege, and Operation Storm in 1995 ended the war.
Crocus City Hall attack
Crocus City Hall attack, also called the Krasnogorsk concert hall massacre: March 22, 2024 ISIS-K shooting and arson at a Picnik concert near Moscow, killing 149; four Tajik gunmen sentenced to life in 2026.
Crow Creek massacre
Crow Creek massacre: prehistoric attack around AD 1325 on the fortified Crow Creek Village (39BF11) in South Dakota, killing and mutilating at least 486 Arikara-affiliated villagers, found as a bone pile in 1978.
Crown Heights riot
The Crown Heights riot (August 19-21, 1991) was antisemitic violence in Brooklyn after Gavin Cato's death under a motorcade car and the murder of Yankel Rosenbaum, followed by the 1993 Girgenti report and a 1998 $1.1 million city settlement.
Crusader states
Crusader States, or Outremer, Latin East: four states founded after the First Crusade, County of Edessa, Principality of Antioch, Kingdom of Jerusalem, County of Tripoli, lasting from 1098 until Acre fell in 1291.
Crusades
The Crusades: papally authorized religious wars from Urban II's 1095 Clermont sermon, through the 1099 capture of Jerusalem, the crusader states of Outremer, and the 1204 sack of Constantinople, to the fall of Acre in 1291 and crusading's later forms against Ottoman Turks.
Cry of Dolores
Cry of Dolores (Grito de Dolores), Miguel Hidalgo's September 16, 1810 call to arms from Dolores, Guanajuato, that launched Mexico's war of independence; exact words unknown, reenacted by the president each September 15.
Cry of Pugad Lawin
Cry of Pugad Lawin, also called Cry of Balintawak, is the 1896 tearing of cedulas by Bonifacio's Katipunan that began the Philippine Revolution; its date and site remain disputed, officially fixed at August 23, Pugad Lawin, Quezon City, since 1963.