539 articles
Napi-Ilhush
Napi-Ilhush was a king of Awan, the dynastic seat of Elamite rulers in ancient western Iran, listed sixth on the Awan King List from Susa, probably of the mid-third millennium BC.
Napir-Asu
Napir-Asu was a queen of Elam, wife of the Middle Elamite king Untash-Napirisha, known from a life-size bronze statue found at Susa in 1903 and displayed in the Louvre.
Nawar
Nawar was a Hurrian land or polity in Upper Mesopotamia during the 3rd millennium BC, best known from the royal title "king of Urkesh and Nawar".
Neo-Elamite tablets from Susa
The Neo-Elamite tablets from Susa, known as the Susa Acropole tablets, are an archive of 299 Elamite administrative tablets excavated at Susa, Iran, and dated around 590–555 BCE.
Nerik restoration under Hattusili III
The Nerik restoration under Hattusili III was the Hittite recovery of the sacred city of Nerik from Kaška tribes in the later 13th century BC, recorded in edict CTH 90.
Nibe
Nibe (Nibê) was a claimant to the throne of the ancient kingdom of Ellipi in western Iran, defeated by the Assyrian king Sargon II around 713 BC.
Niğde stelae
The Niğde stelae, also known as the Niğde inscriptions, are Hieroglyphic Luwian monuments from Iron Age Niğde, Turkey, erected for rulers of Nahitiya and Tuwana.
Nikalmati
Nikalmati, also known as Nikkal-mati, was a Hittite great queen, or Tawananna, of the Middle Hittite kingdom, wife of King Tudhaliya and mother of the later great queen Ašmunikal.
Nişantaşı inscription
The Nişantaşı inscription is a lengthy Hieroglyphic Luwian rock inscription carved on the Nişantepe outcrop at Hattusa, Turkey, under the last Hittite king, Suppiluliuma II, and is the longest imperial Hittite hieroglyphic document known.
Nuwanza
Nuwanza was a Hittite commander who served King Mursili II, attested in the king's annals from year 2 to year 22, and known for defeating a Hayasean army of 700 chariots and 10,000 infantry near Kannuwara.
Nuzi texts
The Nuzi texts are thousands of Akkadian cuneiform tablets excavated at Nuzi, near Kirkuk in northern Iraq, a primary source for Hurrian private law and family customs, ca. 1475-1350 BCE.
Nuzi ware
Nuzi ware, also called Nuzu or Mitanni ware, is a painted pottery of the Mitanni period in northern Mesopotamia, with light paint on a dark slip.
Old Phrygian inscriptions
The Old Phrygian inscriptions, also called Paleo-Phrygian, are 395 texts in the Phrygian language and native alphabet from central Anatolia, dated about 800 to 330 BC, mostly found at Gordion.
Pahir-ishshan
Pahir-iššan, also written Paḫir-iššan, was a king of Elam in the 14th century BC, son of the dynasty founder Igi-halki and father of the later kings Unpahaš-Napiriša and Kidin-Hutran I.
Palaic language
Palaic is an extinct Indo-European language of the Anatolian branch, spoken in the land of Palā in north central Anatolia and attested only in cuneiform ritual fragments from Hattusa.
Palaic peoples
The Palaic peoples were the inhabitants of Palā, a Bronze Age land in north-central Anatolia northwest of the Hittite heartland, known almost entirely through their language.
Pamba (Hittite king)
Pamba is a king of Hatti known only from later literary tradition, which places him among seventeen Anatolian rulers who rebelled against Naram-Sin of Akkad around 2254–2218 BC.
Pamphylians
The Pamphylians were the inhabitants of Pamphylia, the southern coastal plain of Anatolia between Attaleia and Side, speaking a distinctive Greek dialect with Anatolian influence.
Pantaleon
Pantaleon (Greek Πανταλέων) was a son of King Alyattes of Lydia by an Ionian mother and half-brother of Croesus, remembered for an unsuccessful claim to the Lydian throne.
Paraetaceni
The Paraetaceni (Greek Παρητακηνοί) were a people of the mountain district of Paraetacene between Media and Persis, named by Herodotus as one of the six Median tribes.
Parsua
Parsua, also called Parsuash or Parsumash, was a land of the central Zagros mountains named in Neo-Assyrian records from the 9th century BC and later made an Assyrian province.
Peli (king of Awan)
Peli is the first of the twelve kings of Awan in Elam listed on an Old Babylonian king list found at Susa, known only from that list itself.
Pericles of Limyra
Pericles of Limyra, also spelled Perikles, was an early 4th-century BC dynast who ruled eastern Lycia, capturing Xanthos and calling himself ruler of the Lycians.
Phraortes
Phraortes (Old Iranian Fravartiš, possibly Khshathrita of Assyrian records) was the second king of the Medes per Herodotus, son of Deioces and father of Cyaxares, who subjugated the Persians and died in battle against Assyria.
Phrygia
Phrygia was an ancient Iron Age state located in western-central Anatolia. Under King Midas in the eighth century BC, its capital Gordion flourished until its eventual absorption.
Phrygian alphabet
The Phrygian alphabet is a script used to write the Phrygian language of central Anatolia from the 8th century BC, derived from the Phoenician or an early Greek alphabet.
Phrygian and Mushki migration
The Phrygian and Mushki migration is the conventional name for two movements of peoples, c. 1200–1100 BC: Phrygians from the Balkans into Anatolia, and the Muški into the Upper Euphrates region.
Phrygian kingdom's incorporation into Lydia
The Phrygian kingdom's incorporation into Lydia was the stepwise absorption of Phrygia by Lydian kings after the Cimmerian sack of Gordium, complete under Croesus and ended by Persia's conquest of 547 BC.
Phrygian language
The Phrygian language is an extinct Indo-European language of central and western Anatolia, closely related to Greek and attested in about 500 inscriptions from the 8th century BC to the Roman period.
Phrygians (Φρύγες)
Phrygians (Φρύγες), also called Mushki by Assyrians, were an Indo-European people of Iron Age central Anatolia, capital Gordion, famous king Midas, language closest to Greek.