539 articles
Lutipri
Lutipri, also written Lutibri, was an early ruler of Urartu around 844 to 830 BC, known only as the father named by King Sarduri I in his inscriptions.
Luwians
The Luwians, also known as Luvians, were an ancient Anatolian people speaking Luwian, an Indo-European language closely related to Hittite, attested from the 16th through the 8th century BCE.
Lycian inscriptions
The Lycian inscriptions are a corpus of about 200 texts in Lycian, an Anatolian language of ancient Lycia in southwest Turkey, written mostly during the 5th and 4th centuries BC.
Lycians
The Lycians were the Luwic-speaking inhabitants of Lycia, the mountainous southern shore of southwestern Anatolia, whose Iron Age kingdom fell under Persian rule around 540 BC.
Lydia
Lydia: ancient kingdom of western Anatolia (modern Turkey) on the Hermus/Gediz valley, capital Sardis; Mermnad kings Gyges, Alyattes, Croesus; credited with the first state coinage; conquered by Cyrus of Persia in 547/6 or 546 BC.
Lydian coinage
Lydian coinage is the earliest known stamped coinage in the world, struck in electrum at Sardis, capital of Lydia, from roughly the mid-seventh century BC under the Mermnad dynasty.
Lydian inscriptions
The Lydian inscriptions are about 100 surviving texts in the Lydian language and alphabet, mostly from Sardis, dating from the eighth to the third century BC.
Lydian language
Lydian is an extinct Indo-European language of the Anatolian branch, attested in about a hundred inscriptions from Sardis and western Asia Minor, mostly from the 5th and 4th centuries BC.
Lydian–Milesian War
The Lydian–Milesian War was an eleven-year conflict between Lydia and Miletus in the late 7th century BC, begun by King Sadyattes and continued by his son Alyattes.
Lydians
The Lydians were an Iron Age people of western Anatolia, centered on their capital Sardis, who spoke the Lydian language and ruled a kingdom famed for early coinage.
Lydus
Lydus (Λυδός, Lydós) is the legendary eponymous king of Lydia in Herodotus' genealogy, son of Atys and brother of Tyrrhenus, known only from Greek literary tradition.
Lygdamis I of Halicarnassus
Lygdamis I of Halicarnassus, also known as Lygdamis of Halicarnassus, was a Carian ruler of Halicarnassus under Persian overlordship and the father of Artemisia I.
Madduwatta
Madduwatta, also written Madduwattas, was an Anatolian warlord installed as a Hittite vassal in western Anatolia who later rebelled, seizing allied lands and raiding Cyprus.
Madyes
Madyes, also Madyas, was a Scythian king of the 7th century BC, son of Protothyes, known chiefly from Herodotus as the commander who defeated the Medes, after which the Scythians dominated Western Asia for decades.
Malnigal
Malnigal, also written Malnigalla, was a Babylonian princess who married the Hittite king Šuppiluliuma I and held the office of Tawananna in the 14th century BC.
Manapa-Tarhunta
Manapa-Tarhunta, also written Manapa-Tarḫunta, was king of the Seha River Land in western Anatolia in the late 14th century BC, becoming a vassal of Mursili II.
Manapa-Tarhunta Letter
The Manapa-Tarhunta Letter, also called the Manapa-Tarhunda letter, is a Hittite-period letter from the early thirteenth century BC, in which the vassal king Manapa-Tarhunta reports his defeat by Piyamaradu.
Mandane
Mandane (Old Iranian Mandanā) is, in Greek literary tradition, a daughter of the Median king Astyages, the wife of Cambyses I, and the mother of Cyrus the Great.
Manes of Lydia
Manes, a legendary king of Lydia, is documented by Herodotus as the father of Atys. He is believed to be at the head of the Atyad line.
Mannean–Assyrian wars
The Mannean–Assyrian wars were recurring conflicts and shifting alliances between the kingdom of Mannea in northwestern Iran and the Neo-Assyrian Empire, spanning roughly 843 to 616 BC.
Mannean–Urartian wars
The Mannean–Urartian wars were recurring conflicts between Urartu and the kingdom of Mannea over the Urmia basin from about 820 BC to the mid-7th century BC.
Marhasi
Marhasi, also known as Marhashi or Parahshum, was an ancient polity of the Iranian highlands, attested in Mesopotamian texts from about 2300 to 1750 BCE.
Maryannu
The maryannu (mariannu) were the noble class of the Late Bronze Age Levant and upper Mesopotamia, whose privilege was fighting from horse-drawn chariots, especially in the Mitanni empire.
Maşat Höyük letters
The Maşat Höyük letters are a Hittite cuneiform archive from the site of Tapigga in north-central Anatolia, mostly letters dating to the early 14th century BC.
Mašḫuiluwa
Mašḫuiluwa (Mashuiluwa) was a king of Mira-Kuwaliya in western Anatolia, installed as a Hittite vassal by Mursili II and later deposed for rebellion and exiled.
Masturi (Hittite vassal ruler)
Mašturi, also printed Masturi, was a 13th-century BC ruler of the Seha River Land in western Anatolia, a Hittite vassal kingdom; he witnessed a treaty of Tudhaliya IV.
Matiene
Matiene, also known as Matiane or Matieni, is a land and people of northwestern Iran known from Herodotus, probably in the Lake Urmia basin near Mannaea.
Median dynasty
The Median dynasty was the ruling lineage of the Median kingdom of western Iran, described by Herodotus as four kings of one family, ending when Cyrus the Great deposed Astyages in 550 BCE.
Median invasion of Urartu
The Median invasion of Urartu is the traditional name for the late-7th-century BC Median assault, attributed to Cyaxares, credited with ending the kingdom of Urartu in the Armenian highland.
Median kingdom
The Median kingdom, also known as the Median Empire, was an ancient Iranian kingdom centered at Ecbatana, overthrown by Cyrus II of Persia in 550 BC.