539 articles
Median language
Median, also called Medic, is the ancient northwestern Iranian language of the Medes, attested only through proper names and loanwords because no Median text has ever been found.
Median settlement of Iran
The Median settlement of Iran was the arrival and settlement of Iranian-speaking Median tribes in western Iran, placed by scholars at the end of the 2nd millennium BCE.
Median–Lydian war
The Median–Lydian war was a five-year war between Media under Cyaxares and Lydia under Alyattes, fought in eastern Anatolia in about 590–585 BC over Cappadocia.
Medo-Persian conflict
The Medo-Persian conflict was the war between the Median king Astyages and Cyrus II of Persis, fought from about 553 to 550 BC, ending with Astyages's capture and the fall of Ecbatana.
Meher Kapı
Meher Kapı (Meher Kapısı) is an Urartian rock inscription near Van, Turkey, listing 79 gods, carved for King Išpuini and Minua in the 9th century BCE.
Meles of Lydia
Meles of Lydia was a semi-historical Heraclid king of Sardis of the 8th century BC, placed just before Candaules and known from Herodotus' lion legend.
Menua
Menua, also spelled Menuas or Minua, was king of Urartu from about 810 BC, who consolidated the kingdom and built the Şamran canal still watering the Van plain.
Mermnad dynasty
The Mermnad dynasty (Mermnadae) was the last royal house of Lydia, ruling from Sardis from Gyges to Croesus until the Persian conquest of the 540s BC.
Mesedi
The Mesedi was the royal bodyguard corps of the Hittite king, whose chief ranked after the King, Queen, and Crown Prince; four future great kings held the office.
Midas City inscriptions
The Midas City inscriptions, also called the Yazılıkaya inscriptions, are Old Phrygian rock-cut texts at Midas City, Eskişehir Province, Turkey, mostly from the 6th century BC.
Midas' submission to Sargon II
Midas' submission to Sargon II was Midas of Phrygia's 709 BC offer of allegiance to the Neo-Assyrian king, ending nine years of confrontation without a battle.
Middle Hittite kingdom
The Middle Hittite kingdom is the modern label for the poorly documented 'dark age' of the Hittite kingdom, from Telipinu's reign to Tudhaliya I's accession in the late 15th century BC.
Milawata letter
The Milawata letter is a fragmentary Hittite clay tablet from the late thirteenth century BC, probably sent by King Tudhaliya IV to Tarkasnawa, king of Mira, in western Anatolia.
Milyan language
Milyan, also called Lycian B, is a poorly understood Luwic language of ancient Lycia in southwestern Anatolia, known from two poetic stone inscriptions of the 6th to 4th century BC.
Mita of Mushki's war with Assyria
Mita of Mushki's war with Assyria was a conflict between Mita of the Mushki, usually identified with Midas of Phrygia, and Sargon II of Assyria from about 718 to 709 BC.
Mita of Pahhuwa
Mita of Pahhuwa was a ruler of the eastern Anatolian kingdom of Pahhuwa around 1400 BC, remembered from the Hittite Pahhuwa letter as a local king who defied Hittite power.
Mitanni dynasty
The Mitanni dynasty was the royal house of Mitanni, a Hurrian kingdom that ruled Upper Mesopotamia and parts of Syria from the 15th to the 14th century BC.
Mithrapata
Mithrapata, also known as Mithrapata of Lycia, was a dynast of Lycia in southern Anatolia around 390–370 BC, known from silver coins bearing his name in Lycian, including some of the earliest human portraits on coinage.
Move of the capital to Tarhuntassa
Hittite great king Muwattalli II moved the empire's capital from Hattusa to Tarhuntassa, a city he founded in southern Anatolia, before the Battle of Qadesh around 1275 BC.
Mugallu
Mugallu, also written Mukalli, was a king of Melid and then of Tabal in Central Anatolia, recorded by the Assyrians from 675 BC and succeeded by his son around 640 BC.
Mursili I
Mursili I, also written Muršili I or Mursilis I, was a Hittite king who captured Aleppo and sacked Babylon around 1595 BC before being assassinated.
Mursili II
Mursili II, also known as Muršili II, was a Hittite king who reigned c. 1321–1295 BC, son of Suppiluliuma I, known for his annals and plague prayers.
Mursili II's Arzawa campaign
Mursili II's Arzawa campaign was a two-year Hittite conquest of the kingdom of Arzawa in western Anatolia, led by King Mursili II around 1320–1319 BC.
Mursili III
Mursili III, born Urhi-Teshub, was a king of the Hittite Empire who reigned c. 1272–1267 BC, restored Hattusa as capital, and was deposed by his uncle Hattusili III.
Mursili's eclipse
Mursili's eclipse is a solar omen recorded in the tenth regnal year of Hittite king Mursili II, long read by scholars as an eclipse usable to anchor Hittite chronology.
Mushki
The Mushki (Muški, also Mushku) were an Iron Age Anatolian people, defeated by Tiglath-pileser I around 1114 BC and later ruled by Mita, usually identified with Midas of Phrygia.
Muwatalli I
Muwatalli I, also written Muwattalli I, was a poorly attested Hittite king of the late Middle Kingdom, killed in a palace coup by his officials.
Muwatalli II
Muwatalli II was a king of the Hittite Empire who reigned from about 1295 to 1272 BC, fought Ramesses II at Kadesh in 1274 BC, and moved the capital to Tarhuntassa.
Mysians
The Mysians (Greek Μυσοί, Mysoi) were a people of northwest Anatolia dwelling in Mysia between the Propontis, the Aegean, and Lydia, attested from the Iliad to Roman times.
Nahhunte-Utu
Nahhunte-Utu (Naḫḫunte-Utu) was an Elamite queen of the Shutrukid dynasty in the 12th century BC, known from royal inscriptions and one of only two politically important Middle Elamite women.