539 articles
Cimmerian invasion of Urartu
The Cimmerian invasion of Urartu was a series of attacks by nomadic Cimmerians on the kingdom of Urartu in the Armenian highlands between 720 and 714 BC.
Cimmerian raid on Ionia and Aeolis
The Cimmerian raid on Ionia and Aeolis was an attack by Cimmerian nomads under King Lygdamis on Greek cities of western Anatolia in the 640s BC.
Cimmerian sack of Sardis
The Cimmerian sack of Sardis was the mid-seventh-century BC capture of the Lydian capital by Cimmerians under Lygdamis, in which King Gyges was killed; the citadel held out.
Cimmerian sack of the Artemision at Ephesus
The Cimmerian sack of the Artemision at Ephesus was the reported destruction of the sanctuary of Artemis by Cimmerian raiders under King Lygdamis in the 640s BC.
Conquest of Urartu by Cyaxares
The conquest of Urartu by Cyaxares is the traditional name for the end of the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu, attributed to a Median invasion around 609 BC.
Croeseid
A Croeseid is a pure gold or silver coin struck at Sardis under King Croesus of Lydia in the mid-sixth century BCE, bearing a lion and bull.
Croesus hoard
The Croesus hoard, or Karun Treasure, is a set of 363 Lydian artifacts looted from tumuli in Uşak, Turkey, and repatriated from the Met in 1993.
Croesus' siege of Ephesus
Croesus' siege of Ephesus was the capture of the Ionian Greek city of Ephesus by the Lydian king Croesus, traditionally around 560 BC, his first attack on a Greek city.
Cyaxares
Cyaxares (Old Iranian Uvaxštra) was king of Media, in northwestern Iran, from about 625 to 585 BC, best known for destroying Assyria and capturing Nineveh in 612 BC.
Cyaxares I
Cyaxares I, named Uksatar in Assyrian records, was a Median ruler who paid tribute to Sargon II in 714 BC, distinct from the later Median king Cyaxares.
Cyaxares' massacre of the Scythian leaders
Cyaxares' massacre of the Scythian leaders is an episode in Herodotus where the Median king killed drunk Scythian leaders at a banquet, ending their rule.
Cyaxares' reorganization of the Median army
Cyaxares' reorganization of the Median army was a late 7th-century BC reform in which King Cyaxares, according to Herodotus, first divided troops into spearmen, archers, and cavalry.
Cyrus' campaign against Lydia
Cyrus' campaign against Lydia, also called the Persian conquest of Lydia, was Cyrus II of Persia's 547/546 BC defeat of King Croesus at the Battle of Thymbra and capture of Sardis.
Dadu-Hepa
Dadu-Hepa, also written Tadu-Hepa, was a Hittite queen holding the title Tawananna as the second wife of King Tudhaliya III, mother of Henti and Tudhaliya the Younger.
Dalma culture
The Dalma culture is a prehistoric archaeological culture of the late 6th and 5th millennia BC in northwestern Iran and the central Zagros, known for its distinctive painted Dalma ware.
Daltā
Daltā, also rendered Dalta, was king of Ellipi, a kingdom in the Zagros foothills of western Iran, known from Assyrian records from 737 BC until his death and the succession war between his sons.
Danuhepa
Danuhepa, also Tanuhepa, was a Hittite Great Queen known from seal impressions found at the capital Hattusa and from a court case that ruined her.
Dascylus (father of Gyges)
Dascylus is the father of Gyges, the bodyguard who seized the throne of Sardis and founded the Mermnad dynasty of Lydia, known only from a single clause in Herodotus.
Death of Sargon II in battle in Tabal
Sargon II, king of Assyria (721–705 BC), died in battle in Tabal in 705 BC while restoring the region as an Assyrian province; his body was never recovered.
Decline of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex
The decline of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) was the end of the Oxus Civilization in southern Central Asia, with settlements abandoned by 1700 BC, attributed to environmental deterioration and steppe contact.
Deeds of Suppiluliuma
The Deeds of Suppiluliuma (CTH 40) is a Hittite biographical account of King Suppiluliuma I, written by his son Mursili II after the king's death around 1322 BC.
Deioces
Deioces (Greek Deiokes) is, according to Herodotus, the first king of the Medes, unifier of the Median tribes, and founder of the capital Ecbatana; his existence is disputed.
Destruction of Gordion by the Cimmerians
The Destruction of Gordion by the Cimmerians is the traditional name for a burnt destruction level at Gordion, the Phrygian capital in central Anatolia, long attributed to a Cimmerian raid around 700 BC.
Diauehi
Diauehi, also known as Daiaeni, was an Iron Age kingdom near Urartu in eastern Anatolia, attested from the 12th century BC and conquered by Urartu in the 8th century BC.
Downfall of the Hittite Empire
The downfall of the Hittite Empire was the collapse of the Hittite New Kingdom around 1200 BC, marked by the abandonment and burning of the capital Hattusa.
Dugammu
Dugammu, also rendered Dugdammê or, in Greek tradition, Lygdamis, was a Cimmerian ruler in Anatolia in the seventh century BC who took Sardis and raided Ionia.
Dugdamme
Dugdamme, also known as Lygdamis, was a king of the Cimmerians who died around 640 BC during his second campaign against the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal.
Dynasty of Arrapha
The Dynasty of Arrapha ruled the Hurrian kingdom of Arrapha, a Mitanni vassal with its capital at modern Kirkuk, during the 15th and 14th centuries BC.
Edict of Telipinu
The Edict of Telipinu, also called the Proclamation of Telipinu, is an Old Hittite royal text issued by King Telipinu around 1525–1500 BC, fixing the rule of succession after decades of dynastic murders.
Egyptian–Mitanni treaty of Thutmose IV
A peace treaty and marriage alliance between Thutmose IV of Egypt and Artatama I of Mitanni, known from the Amarna letters and opening an era of marriage diplomacy.