149 articles
Baal Cycle
The Baal Cycle, also called the Baal Epic, is a group of six Ugaritic mythological tablets from Ugarit telling of Baal's combats with Yamm and Mot.
Baal with Thunderbolt
The Baal with Thunderbolt (Baal au foudre) is a limestone stele from Ugarit, found in 1932, showing the storm god Baal with a mace and thunderbolt, now in the Louvre.
Barga
Barga was a land or polity of northern Syria in the 14th century BC, known from the Amarna letters and Hittite texts of Muršili II's reign.
Beth Shean stelae
The Beth Shean stelae are Egyptian victory stelae of Seti I and Ramesses II, set up at Beth Shean in the Jordan Valley in the early 13th century BCE.
Biridašwa
Biridašwa, also spelled Biridashwa or Biridaswa, was a ruler of a Canaanite city-state who appears in the Amarna letters, the diplomatic archive of Akhenaten's reign in the 14th century BC.
Biridiya
Biridiya, also Biridija, was the Canaanite mayor of Megiddo under Egyptian overlordship in the mid-14th century BCE, known for eight Amarna letters pleading for troops against the hostile ruler Labaya.
Biryawaza
Biryawaza, also known as Birjawaza, was a dignitary of the mid-14th century BC Amarna age who served as an agent of Egyptian rule in Syria-Palestine and is linked with Damascus.
Byblos syllabary
The Byblos syllabary, also called the Byblos script or pseudo-hieroglyphic script of Byblos, is an undeciphered writing system known only from Byblos in Lebanon, discovered in 1929 and probably mainly syllabic.
Canaan during the Hyksos period
Canaan during the Hyksos period (c. 1700–1550 BC) was a region of Canaanite city-states in close contact with, but not ruled by, the Hyksos kingdom of Egypt.
Canaanean blade
Canaanean blades, also called Canaanite blades, are large standardized flint blades made by pressure flaking, used mainly as sickle and threshing-sledge inserts across the Bronze Age Near East.
Canaanite and Aramaic seal inscriptions
Canaanite and Aramaic seal inscriptions are short legends carved on Iron Age Levant stamp seals, key evidence for personal names, society, and early alphabetic writing.
Canaanites
The Canaanites were the Northwest Semitic inhabitants of Canaan, in Palestine and western Syria, during the Bronze Age, organized in independent city-states under Egyptian rule before 1200 BC.
Destruction of Alalakh (Level VII)
The destruction of Alalakh (Level VII) was a large-scale fire around 1637–1614 BC that ended the Level VII city at Tell Atchana, Turkey, attributed to Ḫattušili I.
Divorce of the Amurru princess
The divorce of the Amurru princess was the repudiation of Bentešina's daughter by Ammistamru II of Ugarit around 1250 BC, authorized by Tudhaliya IV and ending in her execution.
Duppi-Teshub
Duppi-Teshub (Duppi-Teššub, also spelled Tuppi-Teshub) was a king of Amurru, a Syrian kingdom between the Hittite and Egyptian spheres, grandson of Aziru and vassal of Muršili II, circa 1321–1295 BCE.
Dusigu
Dusigu was a royal woman of Ebla in northern Syria, last wife of king Irkab-damu and mother of Ishar-damu, who dominated the court as regent for nearly twenty years.
Ebla tablets
The Ebla tablets, also called the Ebla archives, are over 15,000 cuneiform tablets from Ebla, Syria, written in Eblaite in the twenty-fourth century BCE and excavated by an Italian expedition between 1974 and 1976.
Ebla–Abarsal treaty
The Ebla–Abarsal treaty, also known as the Treaty between Ebla and Abarsal, is a clay tablet from Ebla, Syria, recording the oldest known peace treaty between two states, around 2350 BC.
Eblaite language
Eblaite is an archaic East Semitic language of the third quarter of the 3rd millennium BC, recorded in over 15,000 cuneiform tablets from the archives of Ebla in Syria.
Egyptian governor residencies
Egyptian governor residencies, also called Egyptian residencies in Canaan, were administrative centers built by New Kingdom Egypt in Canaan during the 13th and 12th centuries BCE.
Emar tablets
The Emar tablets, also known as the Emar archive, are a Late Bronze Age cuneiform archive of about 1,100 texts from Emar on the Euphrates, Syria.
Endaruta
Endaruta, also read Intaruta, was ruler of the Canaanite city-state of Akshapa, biblical Achshaph, near Acco in western Galilee, in the mid-14th century BC, known from three Amarna letters.
Etakkama
Etakkama, also written Aitakkama or Aitukama, was king of Qadesh in Syria during the Amarna period, who began as an Egyptian vassal and defected to the Hittites under Suppiluliuma I.
Habiru
The Habiru, also written Apiru or Hapiru, were a marginalized social group in Bronze Age Mesopotamia, Syria, Canaan, and Egypt, known from texts including the 14th-century BC Amarna letters.
Hammurabi II of Yamhad
Hammurabi II was a king of Yamhad, an Amorite kingdom whose capital was Halab (modern Aleppo, Syria), ruling in the middle of the 17th century BC.
Hittite conquest of Ugarit
The Hittite conquest of Ugarit was the submission of the Syrian kingdom of Ugarit to Šuppiluliuma I around 1340 BC, making its king Niqmaddu II a vassal.
Hittite destruction of Qatna
The Hittite destruction of Qatna was the violent destruction of the Bronze Age Syrian kingdom's royal palace around 1340 BC by Hittite forces under Šuppiluliuma I.
Hittite sack of Ebla
The Hittite sack of Ebla was the destruction of the Syrian city of Ebla by Hittite forces around 1650 BC, ending its Old Syrian period; the perpetrator may have been Mursili I.
Ibbi-Sipish
Ibbi-Sipish, read in the Ebla tablets as Ibbi-zikir, was the vizier of Ebla under its last king, Išar-damu, in the decades before Ebla's destruction in the late third millennium BC.
Ibbit-Lim
Ibbit-Lim, also printed Yibbiṭ-Lim, was a king of Ebla in western Syria around 2000–1900 BC, known from an inscribed basalt statue found at Tell Mardikh in 1968.