149 articles
Niqmaddu III of Ugarit
Niqmaddu III, also written Niqmadu III, was a king of Ugarit, a Bronze Age Syrian port kingdom on the Mediterranean coast, reigning c. 1225–1215 BC as a Hittite vassal.
Niqmepa of Alalakh
Niqmepa, King of Mukish, was a Bronze Age king of Alalakh in modern Turkey, son and successor of Idrimi, known from the Level IV archive tablets.
Niqmepa of Ugarit
Niqmepa, also known as Niqmepuh, was king of Ugarit from about 1313 to 1260 BC, placed on the throne by the Hittite king Mursili II after his brother Arhalba was removed.
Niqmi-Epuh
Niqmi-Epuh, also written Niqmepuh, was a king of Yamhad, the Amorite kingdom centered on Aleppo, ruling in the first half of the second millennium BC.
Niya (kingdom)
Niya, also written Nii, was a Late Bronze Age kingdom in the middle Orontes valley of western Syria, known almost entirely from Hittite cuneiform texts.
Nuhašše
Nuhašše was a land, or group of lands, in northwestern Syria east of the Orontes between Aleppo and Hama, whose kings appear in the Amarna letters and Hittite treaties.
Pahhanate
Pahhanate, written Paḫamnata in cuneiform, was an Egyptian rābiṣu, or resident commissioner, at Ṣumur in Amurru, known only from the Amarna letters of the mid-14th century BC.
Plastered human skulls
Plastered human skulls are Neolithic Levant skulls, about 8000 to 6000 BC, whose faces were remodelled in plaster, often with shells in the eye sockets.
Pu-Ba'lu
Pu-Ba'lu was the ruler of Yursa, a south Canaanite polity possibly located at Tel Haror, who corresponded with pharaohs Amenhotep III and Akhenaten in the Amarna letters.
Rapanu
Rapanu, also written Rap'anu, was a scribe and high official of the kingdom of Ugarit on the north Syrian coast in the 13th century BC.
Rapanu archive
The Rapanu archive is the private library of tablets from the house of Rapanu, a diplomat at Ugarit on the Syrian coast, buried by the city's destruction around 1190–1185 BC.
Rib-Hadda
Rib-Hadda, also written Rib-Adda, was king of Byblos on the Lebanese coast around 1370 to 1340 BC, a vassal of Egypt who wrote more Amarna letters than anyone else.
Sack of Ebla
The sack of Ebla was the violent destruction of the Syrian capital of Ebla around 2250 BC, attributed to Naram-Sin of Akkad, though Mari is an alternative candidate.
Satatna
Satatna, also printed Shutatna, was a Canaanite ruler of Akka (modern Acre) in the mid-14th century BC, known from a single mention in the Amarna letters.
Šatiya
Šatiya, also known as Shatiya, was the mayor of Enišasi in the Levant who wrote Amarna letter EA 187 to the Egyptian king in the mid-14th century BC.
Shapili
Shapili, also rendered Šapili, was a 13th-century BC king of Amurru, a Hittite vassal kingdom in western Syria, installed by Muwatalli II after Benteshina's rebellion and later removed when Benteshina was restored.
Sharri-Kusuh
Sharri-Kusuh, also known as Piyaššili, was the first Hittite viceroy king of Carchemish in northern Syria, appointed by his father, the Hittite great king Šuppiluliuma I, in the 14th century BC.
Shasu
The Shasu were semi-nomadic pastoralists of the Sinai, Negev, and Transjordan whom Egyptian texts from Thutmosis III to Ramesses III record; some lists mention Yhw, linked to Yahweh.
Shaushgamuwa
Shaushgamuwa, also spelled Saušgamuwa, was king of Amurru, a Hittite vassal kingdom in Syria, in the late 13th century BC under the Hittite great king Tudhaliya IV.
Shuta (Egyptian official)
Shuta (Akkadian Šuta) was an Egyptian commissioner of the late Eighteenth Dynasty, named in Amarna letter EA 234, where the ruler of Akko protests against him.
Shutatarra
Shutatarra, also written Šutatarra or Suttarna, was a king of Kadesh on the Orontes in western Syria, flourishing around 1350 BC during the Amarna period.
Shuwardata
Šuwardata, also Suwardata, was a Canaanite ruler of the mid-14th century BC, probably master of Gath and nearby Keilah, known from four Amarna letters to the Egyptian king.
Sinaranu
Sinaranu (Akkadian Ṣinaruna) was a private merchant of Bronze Age Ugarit whose ship and cargo of grain, beer, and olive oil were exempted from palace dues on arrival from Crete.
Šipti-Ba'lu
Šipti-Ba'lu, also Shipti-Ba'al, was a Canaanite city-state ruler of the mid-14th century BC in the Shephelah, known from the Amarna letters, which accuse him of conspiring against Egypt.
Sipti-Baal
Sipti-Baal, also rendered Shipṭi-Baʿlu, was a Canaanite ruler of the mid-14th century BC known from the Amarna letters, where he denied conspiring against the pharaoh.
Statue of Idrimi
The Statue of Idrimi is an inscribed magnesite statue of King Idrimi of Alalakh in southern Turkey, bearing a 104-line Akkadian autobiography and held in the British Museum.
Sumu-Epuh
Sumu-Epuh, also written Sumu-epeh, was the founding king of the Hambe dynasty of Yamhad, the Amorite kingdom centered on Aleppo, reigning from about 1810 to 1780 BC and succeeded by his son Yarim-Lim I.
Suppiluliuma's Syrian campaigns
Suppiluliuma's Syrian campaigns were the mid-14th-century BC wars by which Hittite king Suppiluliuma I broke Mitanni's power, defeated Tusratta, and extended Hittite rule over most of northern Syria.
Surata (ruler of Acco)
Surata, also transliterated Šurata, was ruler of the Canaanite city of Acco in the mid-fourteenth century BCE, known from the Amarna letters as a loyal Egyptian vassal.
Suteans
The Suteans (Akkadian Sutû) were Semitic nomadic tribes of the Syrian desert, first recorded near Mari as raiders and later serving as mercenaries across Mesopotamia.