622 articles
Idanda archive
The Idanda archive, also spelled Idadda, is a small royal administrative archive of clay tablets from the palace of Qatna, Syria, discovered in 2002 and dated around 1340 BC.
Idrimi
Idrimi of Alalakh was a Bronze Age king of Alalakh in southern Turkey, ruling around 1450 BC and known from his inscribed statue in the British Museum.
Idumaean ostraca
The Idumaean ostraca are about 2,000 Aramaic ink notes on pottery sherds from fourth-century BCE Idumea, mostly delivery records naming some 600 personal names; most surfaced on the antiquities market after 1991.
Igrish-Halam
Igrish-Halam, transliterated Igriš-Ḫalab, was a king of Ebla in Bronze Age Syria who reigned around 2360 BC and was the father and predecessor of king Irkab-damu.
Ili-Rapih
Ili-Rapiḫ, also spelled Ilirabih, was the ruler of Byblos on the Lebanese coast in the mid-14th century BC, successor of Rib-Adda and author of three Amarna letters to Egypt.
Ilimilimma
Ilimilimma was a king of the royal house of Yamhad, the Amorite kingdom centered on Halab (Aleppo), and the father of Idrimi, who later ruled Alalakh.
Ilimilku
Ilimilku of Ugarit was a 13th-century BC scribe and priest who signed five colophons on Ugaritic mythological tablets, including the Baal Cycle, Kirta, and Aqhat.
Immeya
Immeya was a king of Ebla in the 18th century BC, known from inscribed silver objects found in the royal funerary area at Tell Mardikh.
Indilimma
Indilimma was a royal figure of the Syrian city of Ebla in the 17th century BC, attested through seal impressions naming him as a prince's father.
Ini-Teshub II
Ini-Teshub (Initešub) was a king attested in 1100 BC in the annals of the Assyrian ruler Tiglath-Pileser I, commonly identified as a king of Carchemish in northern Syria.
Irhuleni
Irhuleni, also known as Urḫilina, was a 9th-century BC king of Hamath who led a coalition against Shalmaneser III of Assyria at the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BC.
Irkab-Damu
Irkab-Damu, also known as Irkab-Damu of Ebla, was the penultimate king of Ebla in north-west Syria in the mid-24th century BC, reigning about eleven years and fathering Išar-Damu.
Irkabtum
Irkabtum (Irkab-tum) was an Amorite king of Yamhad, son and heir of Niqmi-Epuh, known from Alalakh year-name tablets; Ammitaqum of Alalakh bought a village from him.
Isaiah bulla
The Isaiah bulla is a clay seal impression found in Jerusalem in 2009, inscribed with a name that may read "Isaiah the prophet", though this is disputed.
Ishar-Damu
Ishar-Damu, also written Išar-Damu, was the last king of Ebla, a Syrian city-state of the mid-third millennium BC, reigning about 35 years before its violent destruction.
Ishi-Addu
Ishi-Addu, also known as Išḫi-Addu, was a king of Qatna in Bronze Age Syria around 1750–1730 BC, known from his royal seal and the Mari archives.
Ishmael son of Nethaniah
Ishmael son of Nethaniah was a Judahite of royal descent who, after Jerusalem fell in 586 BC, assassinated Gedaliah, the governor at Mizpah, and fled to Ammon.
İspeçkür stele
The İspeçkür stele, or Ispekchur stele, is a four-sided limestone monument with reliefs and a hieroglyphic Luwian inscription, erected by the Malatya ruler Arnuwanti II.
Israelite highland settlement
Israelite highland settlement was the Iron Age I founding of hundreds of small villages in the central hill country of Canaan, roughly 1200 to 1000 BC.
Israelite–Aramean War
The Israelite–Aramean War is the conventional label for a series of 9th-century BC conflicts between Israel and Aram-Damascus, shaped by Assyrian pressure on both kingdoms.
Itur-Addu
Itur-Addu was king of Mukiš, the Syrian kingdom with its capital at Alalakh, in the mid-14th century BC, known from Hittite documents as leader of a coalition against Šuppiluliuma I.
Ivory pomegranate
The ivory pomegranate is a thumb-sized Late Bronze Age ivory carving in the Israel Museum whose inscription, once billed as First Temple, is judged a modern forgery.
Izbet Sartah Ostracon
The Izbet Sartah ostracon is a pottery sherd found in 1976 at an Iron Age village in central Israel, bearing the longest Proto-Canaanite inscription known and possibly the earliest Hebrew writing.
Jaazaniah (servant of the king)
Jaazaniah, also known as Jaazanyahu, is a Judahite royal officer known from a sixth-century BC stamp seal found at Tell en-Nasbeh, the site of biblical Mizpah.
Jashobeam
Jashobeam, also called Josheb-Basshebeth, is a warrior of King David's reign in the Bible, first of his mighty men and commander of the first army division of 24,000 men.
Jebusites
The Jebusites were a Canaanite people dwelling in and around Jerusalem in the Bronze and early Iron Ages, whose city David reportedly captured around 1000 BC.
Jedidah
Jedidah (Hebrew Yedidah) was a 7th-century BC queen consort of Judah, wife of King Amon and mother of King Josiah, named in 2 Kings 22:1.
Jehoahaz of Israel
Jehoahaz of Israel, also known as Jehoahaz ben Jehu, was king of Israel c. 814–800 BC, reduced to vassalage by Aram-Damascus under Hazael and Ben-Hadad III.
Jehoahaz of Judah
Jehoahaz of Judah, also called Shallum, was a son of Josiah who reigned three months in 609 BC before Pharaoh Necho II deposed him and took him to Egypt.
Jehoash of Israel
Jehoash, also called Joash, was king of the northern kingdom of Israel from about 798 to 782 BC, defeating Ben-hadad of Aram and Amaziah of Judah.