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Ancient Levant

622 articles

Kesecek Köyü inscription

The Kesecek Köyü inscription is an Aramaic funerary relief inscription from cliffs above the Cydnus river near Tarsus, Cilicia, now held in the Yale Babylonian Collection.

Ketef Hinnom scrolls

The Ketef Hinnom scrolls, also called the Ketef Hinnom silver amulets, are two silver amulets found in a Jerusalem burial cave in 1979, bearing the Priestly Blessing and dating to about 600 BCE.

Khirbet Beit Lei graffiti

The Khirbet Beit Lei graffiti are Hebrew inscriptions carved in a burial cave at Khirbet Beit Lei in the southern Shephelah of Judah, first published in 1963.

Khirbet el-Qom inscription

The Khirbet el-Qom inscription is an 8th-century BC Hebrew votive graffito from a burial cave in Judah, blessing a man named Uriyahu by Yahweh and his asherah.

Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon

The Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon is a five-line ink inscription on a pottery sherd, dated to about 1000 BC and found at the fortified site of Khirbet Qeiyafa in Israel.

Kilamuwa

Kilamuwa, also known as Kulamuwa, was the fifth king of Sam'al, an Iron Age kingdom at Zincirli Höyük in southern Turkey, known from his basalt stela with a Phoenician inscription, dated around 830 BCE.

Kilamuwa inscription

The Kilamuwa inscription, also called the Kulamuwa stele and cataloged as KAI 24, is a 9th-century BC Phoenician royal inscription of King Kilamuwa of Sam'al, found at Zincirli in 1902.

Kilamuwa sceptre

The Kilamuwa sceptre is a small gold object found at Zincirli, ancient Sam'al, engraved with a short 9th-century BC West Semitic inscription naming Kilamuwa, son of Ḥayya, king of Sam'al.

Kirri

Kirri of Que was a king of the Cilician kingdom of Que, placed on its throne by Shalmaneser III of Assyria in 833 BC in place of his father Kate.

KTU 1.41

KTU 1.41, also cataloged as RS 1.003 and CTA 35, is a Ugaritic ritual tablet from Ugarit prescribing month-long Vintage sacrifices, excavated in 1929 by Claude Schaeffer.

Kummuh

Kummuh, also Kummuhu, was a Neo-Hittite kingdom on the upper Euphrates in later Commagene, with its capital at Samosata, annexed by Sargon II in 708 BC.

Kun-Damu

Kun-Damu was a king of Ebla, the Bronze Age Syrian kingdom at Tell Mardikh, who ruled in the mid-24th century BC, before the city's main written archives.

Kundashpi

Kundašpi, also written Kundashpi or Kundashpu, was a king of Kummuh, a Neo-Hittite state on the upper Euphrates, attested in Assyrian tribute lists of the 9th century BC.

Kuntillet Ajrud inscriptions

The Kuntillet Ajrud inscriptions are mostly Hebrew texts from about 800 BCE found in northern Sinai, famous for blessings invoking "Yahweh of Samaria and his Asherah".

Kushtashpi

Kushtashpi (Kuštašpi), recorded as Kuštašpili in Urartian annals, was a ruler of the Syro-Hittite kingdom of Kummuh on the upper Euphrates in the 740s and 730s BC.

Kuttamuwa

Kuttamuwa, also spelled Katumuwa, was a royal official of the Aramean kingdom of Samʾal whose basalt funerary stele, unearthed at Zincirli in 2008, says his soul dwells in the stone.

Kuttamuwa Stele

The Kuttamuwa Stele, also spelled Katumuwa Stele, is an eighth-century BCE basalt funerary stele from Zincirli, Turkey, whose inscription asks for offerings to Kuttamuwa's soul.

Kuzi-Teshub

Kuzi-Teshub (Kuzi-Teššub) was king of Carchemish around the end of the second millennium BC, son of Talmi-Teshub, whose reign bridged the Hittite empire's fall and the Neo-Hittite kingdoms.

Labaya

Labaya, also written Lab'ayu, was a Canaanite ruler of the mid-14th century BC based at Shechem, the most notorious Canaanite correspondent of the Amarna letters.

Lachish comb inscription

The Lachish comb inscription is a Canaanite sentence of 17 letters on an elephant-ivory comb from Tel Lachish, Israel, dated to about 1700–1550 BCE and wishing the tusk would root out lice.

Lachish Letters

The Lachish Letters, also called the Lachish ostraca, are Hebrew inscriptions on pottery sherds found at Lachish in the 1930s, dating to just before the Babylonian conquest of Judah.

Larama I

Larama I, also read Laramas, was a king of the Late Hittite kingdom of Gurgum, centered on modern Kahramanmaraş in southeastern Turkey, from about 960 BC.

Last letters of Ugarit

The last letters of Ugarit are cuneiform tablet letters from the final years of the Late Bronze Age kingdom of Ugarit, found in its destruction level.

Legend of Keret

The Legend of Keret is a Ugaritic epic poem on three clay tablets from Ugarit, telling of King Kirta's loss of family and divine promise of offspring.

Lihyan

Lihyan, also known as Dedan-Lihyan, was a kingdom of northwest Arabia centered on the oasis of Dadan, at modern al-ʿUlā, flourishing from the 6th to 1st century BCE.

LMLK seal impressions

LMLK seal impressions (Hebrew למלך, "belonging to the king") are royal stamps on ancient Judahite storage-jar handles, produced chiefly under King Hezekiah in the late 8th century BC.

Lubarna I

Lubarna I was king of Patina (Unqi), a Syro-Anatolian kingdom in the Amuq Plain of southern Turkey, who paid tribute to Assyria around 870 BC.

Lubarna II

Lubarna II, also known as Lubarna of Patina, was king of Patina (Unqi), a Syro-Anatolian kingdom on the Amuq Plain, assassinated by his people in 829 BC.

Luhuti

Luhuti, also known as Lu'ash, was an Iron Age Aramaean kingdom in northern Syria, with its capital Hazrek usually identified with Tell Afis near Aleppo.

Maacah (queen mother of Judah)

Maacah, also spelled Maakah, was a wife of King Rehoboam of Judah, mother of Abijam, and queen mother in the early tenth century BC until Asa deposed her.