622 articles
Madaba Nabataean Inscriptions
The Madaba Nabataean Inscriptions are funerary and legal Nabataean texts found at Madaba in central Jordan, including the tomb inscription of Itaybel dated to AD 37.
Malchishua
Malchishua, in Hebrew Malkishua, was a son of King Saul and Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz. The Philistines killed him at Mount Gilboa alongside Saul, Jonathan, and Abinadab.
Manasseh's vassalage to Assyria
Manasseh's vassalage to Assyria was the subordination of Judah under King Manasseh to Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal in the seventh century BC, with Judah remaining a vassal kingdom, not an Assyrian province.
Marash lion
The Marash lion is a basalt gate lion from Kahramanmaraş, capital of the Neo-Hittite kingdom of Gurgum, inscribed for King Halparuntiyas III and found in 1883.
Mata'il (king of Dedan)
Mata'il was a king of Dadan at the al-ʿUlā oasis in northwest Arabia, known from Dadanitic inscriptions and dated to the 6th century BC, before Nabonidus' conquest of 553/552 BC.
Mati'ilu of Arpad
Mati'ilu, also Mati'-El or Matiel, was king of the Aramean kingdom of Arpad in northern Syria, flourishing from about 754 to 740 BC; he was the son of 'Atar-samak.
Megiddo ivories
The Megiddo ivories are a hoard of 382 carved Bronze Age ivory pieces, furniture decorations, cosmetics items, and game boards, found in 1937 at Megiddo, northern Israel.
Megiddo Treasure
The Megiddo Treasure is a jewelry hoard found at Tel Megiddo, Israel, in 2010, hidden in a ceramic jug and dated to around 1100 BC.
Melid
Halpasulupi was an early ruler of Melid (Malizi), an Iron Age kingdom at Arslantepe near modern Malatya in eastern Turkey, attested by Luwian hieroglyphic inscriptions of the 12th and 11th centuries BC.
Melqart Stele
The Melqart Stele, also known as the Bar-Hadad stele, is a basalt Aramaic votive stele erected to the god Melqart by Bir-Hadad, king of Aram, found near Aleppo in 1939.
Menahem (king of Israel)
Menahem, also known as Menahem ben Gadi, was a king of the northern kingdom of Israel in the mid-8th century BC who seized the throne by assassinating his predecessor Shallum.
Mesad Hashavyahu Ostracon
The Mesad Hashavyahu ostracon (Yavneh-Yam ostracon) is a 14-line Hebrew letter on pottery from about 630 BCE, in which a reaper petitions a governor for the return of his confiscated garment.
Mesha
Mesha was a ninth-century BC king of Moab who drove out Israelite occupation and recorded his reign on the Mesha Stele, also called the Moabite Stone.
Mesha's revolt
Mesha's revolt, the rebellion of Mesha, king of Moab, against Israelite domination in the mid-9th century BC, ended Moab's vassal status and made Moab an independent kingdom.
Mibtahiah
Mibtahiah, also read Miptahiah, was a Judaean landholder at the Jewish garrison of Elephantine in fifth-century BC Egypt, known from an archive of eleven Aramaic legal papyri.
Micaiah son of Imlah
Micaiah son of Imlah, also known as Micaiah ben Imlah, was an Israelite prophet of the 9th century BCE who foretold King Ahab's death at Ramoth-gilead.
Midianite pottery
Midianite pottery, known as Qurayyah Painted Ware, is a painted pottery of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages, made at Qurayyah in northwest Arabia.
Milkilu
Milkilu, also written Milki-Ilu or Milkili, was ruler of the Canaanite city-state of Gezer in the mid-14th century BC, known from the Amarna letters, including a pharaoh's demand for 40 women for the royal harem.
Mission of Ezra
The Mission of Ezra, or Ezra's reform, was the journey of the priest and scribe Ezra from Babylon to Persian-ruled Jerusalem, traditionally dated to 458 BC under Artaxerxes I.
Mistress of the Animals (Minet el-Beida)
The Mistress of the Animals is a Late Bronze Age carved ivory pyxis lid from Tomb III at Minet el-Beida, Ugarit's harbor, showing a goddess nourishing wild goats.
Mitinti (king of Ashdod)
Mitinti, also spelled Mittinti, was king of Ashdod, a Philistine city-state in the southern Levant, named in Sennacherib's annals of the 701 BC campaign, after which Ashdod kept its king and gained Judahite territory.
Mitinti (king of Ashkelon)
Mitinti, also Mitinti I, was king of Ashkelon, a Philistine city-state, who rebelled against and then paid tribute to Tiglath-pileser III of Assyria in the 730s BC.
Mitinti II
Mitinti II was a king of Ashkelon in the first half of the 7th century BC, a loyal vassal of Esarhaddon known from Assyrian inscriptions.
MMST
MMST is a word stamped on the royal storage-jar handles of Hezekiah, king of Judah, in the late eighth century BCE, and scholars still dispute its meaning.
Moabite submission to Shalmaneser III
The Moabite submission to Shalmaneser III concerns Moab's position during the Assyrian king's decades-long western campaigns against the Damascus coalition that met him at Qarqar in 853 BC.
Mosaic of Rehob
The Mosaic of Rehob, or Rehov mosaic inscription, is a 6th–7th-century Hebrew synagogue inscription from the Beth Shean Valley, Israel, listing rabbinic laws of the Sabbatical year and tithing.
Mount Ebal lead tablet
The Mount Ebal lead tablet is a small folded lead object found on Mount Ebal in 2019, claimed to bear the earliest Hebrew inscription, a reading many scholars dispute.
Mutallu
Mutallu, called Muwattalli in Assyrian records, was the last attested king of Kummuh, a Late Hittite kingdom on the upper Euphrates annexed by Sargon II in 708 BC.
Mutbaal (ruler of Pella)
Mutbaal, also written Mut-Baalu, was ruler of Pella in the Transjordanian Jordan Valley in the mid-14th century BC, known as the author of Amarna letter EA 255.
Muwatalli of Gurgum
Muwatalli, also written Muwattalli II and rendered Mutalli in Assyrian sources, was a ninth-century BC king of Gurgum, a Neo-Hittite kingdom at modern Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.