622 articles
Palistin
Palistin, also read Walistin, was an early Iron Age Syro-Hittite kingdom in the 'Amuq plain of north Syria, probably ruled from Tell Tayinat under King Taita.
Panamuwa I
Panamuwa I, son of Qarli, was a king of Samʾal in the first half of the eighth century BCE, known from an inscription on a statue of Hadad.
Panamuwa II
Panamuwa II was a king of Sam'al, an Aramean city state at Zincirli, who reigned as a vassal of Assyria and died in battle in 732 BC.
Panamuwa stele
The Panamuwa stele, or Panamuwa inscription, comprises two eighth-century BCE Sam'alian royal memorial inscriptions from Zincirli, ancient Sam'al, commemorating kings Panamuwa I and Panamuwa II.
Parita
Parita was a ruler of the Iron Age kingdom of Hamath in the Orontes valley of western Syria in the early 9th century BC, the father and predecessor of King Urḫilina.
Pashhur son of Immer
Pashhur, also spelled Pashur, was a Jerusalem priest of the house of Immer who had the prophet Jeremiah beaten and confined in the temple stocks under King Jehoiakim.
Pekah
Pekah (Hebrew פֶּקַח), son of Remaliah, was king of Israel from about 735 to 732 BC, taking the throne by murdering Pekahiah and later killed by Hoshea.
Pekahiah
Pekahiah was a king of the northern kingdom of Israel, son and successor of Menahem, who reigned in Samaria about two years before being assassinated by his officer Pekah.
Phasaelis
Phasaelis was a 1st-century Nabataean princess, daughter of King Aretas IV and Queen Huldu, and the first wife of Herod Antipas, whose repudiation for Herodias provoked a war with Nabataea.
Philistine bichrome ware
Philistine bichrome ware, also called Philistine 2, is red-and-black painted Iron Age I pottery of Philistia, dated about 1150–1000 BC and a key marker of early Philistine settlement.
Philistine language
The Philistine language is the poorly attested language of the Philistines of Iron Age Philistia, known from about 40 inscriptions, of which only the Ekron dedication is a complete text.
Phoenicia
Phoenicia, also known as Phoinikia, was an ancient Levantine coastal region whose seafaring city-states like Tyre and Sidon created Mediterranean trade networks famed for purple dye.
Phoenician arrowheads
Phoenician arrowheads are bronze arrowheads of the 11th and 10th centuries BC bearing short owner inscriptions in an early Phoenician alphabet, with 68 known by 2020.
Phoenician papyrus letters
The Phoenician papyrus letters, also called Phoenician papyri, are the only two known Phoenician papyri, both letters from Egypt: one from Saqqara, dated to the sixth century BCE, and one kept in Cairo.
Pim weight
The pim (Hebrew פים) was a Judahite weight equal to two-thirds of a shekel, about 7.8 grams, known from inscribed stone weights and 1 Samuel 13:21.
Pisiris
Pisiris, also known as Pisiri, was the last independent king of Carchemish, a Neo-Hittite kingdom on the Euphrates, conquered by Sargon II of Assyria in 717 BC.
Plastered human skulls
Plastered human skulls are Neolithic Levant skulls, about 8000 to 6000 BC, whose faces were remodelled in plaster, often with shells in the eye sockets.
Proto-Aeolic capitals
Proto-Aeolic capitals, also called Proto-Ionic or volute capitals, are Iron Age stone capitals carved with two volutes, used in the gates and palaces of Israel, Judah, Moab, and Ammon.
Pu-Ba'lu
Pu-Ba'lu was the ruler of Yursa, a south Canaanite polity possibly located at Tel Haror, who corresponded with pharaohs Amenhotep III and Akhenaten in the Amarna letters.
PUGNUS-mili II
PUGNUS-mili II was an early Iron Age king of Melid in south-eastern Turkey, known from inscribed reliefs at Arslantepe dated to the 12th–11th century BC.
Qalparunda (Patina)
Qalparunda, in Hieroglyphic Luwian Halparuntiya, was king of Patina (Assyrian Unqi), a Syro-Anatolian kingdom in the Amuq Valley of southern Turkey, who paid tribute to Shalmaneser III in 857 BC.
Qarli (son of Panamuwa)
Qarli of Sam'al was the father of King Panamuwa I of Sam'al, an Iron Age city state at Zincirli, and is known only from his son's Hadad Statue inscription.
Qatazilu
Qatazilu, also rendered Qatazili, was a king of Kummuh, a Neo-Hittite kingdom on the upper Euphrates, known from the annals of Shalmaneser III c. 858 BC.
Qaus-gabri
Qaus-gabri, also known as Kaus-gabri or Qos-gabr, was king of Edom in the seventh century BC, a loyal vassal of Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal attested in their inscriptions.
Qausmalaka (king of Edom)
Qausmalaka, also rendered Kausmalaka or Qosmalaka, was a king of Edom who appears in the tribute lists of Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria around 745 BC.
Qaynu (son of Geshem)
Qaynu bar Geshem was a king of Qedar around 400 BCE, attested by an Aramaic votive silver bowl offering to the goddess Han-'Illat, found in Egypt.
Qos-gabri (king of Edom)
Qos-gabri, also written Qaus-gabri, was a king of Edom in the 7th century BC, an Assyrian vassal known from cuneiform inscriptions and a clay bulla from Petra.
Que
Que (Assyrian Quwê; Luwian Ḫiyawa) was a Neo-Hittite kingdom of the Cilician plain around modern Adana in southern Turkey, annexed by Assyria in the late eighth century BC.
Rabbel I
Rabbel I, also printed Rabel I or ar-Rabil I, was a poorly attested king of the Nabataeans who reigned briefly around 90–87 BC, between Obodas I and Aretas III.
Rabbel II
Rabbel II Soter was the last king of the Nabataeans, reigning from 70 to 106 CE; after his death, Trajan annexed the kingdom as the Roman province of Arabia.