622 articles
Rapanu
Rapanu, also written Rap'anu, was a scribe and high official of the kingdom of Ugarit on the north Syrian coast in the 13th century BC.
Rapanu archive
The Rapanu archive is the private library of tablets from the house of Rapanu, a diplomat at Ugarit on the Syrian coast, buried by the city's destruction around 1190–1185 BC.
Reforms of Hezekiah
The reforms of Hezekiah, also called Hezekiah's religious reform, were a late eighth century BCE program removing high places, Asherah poles, and the Nehushtan, centralizing sacrifice in the Jerusalem Temple.
Reforms of Jeroboam I
The reforms of Jeroboam I, also called Jeroboam's cultic reform, were religious measures by the first king of northern Israel, establishing golden calves at Dan and Bethel.
Reforms of Josiah
The Reforms of Josiah, also called the Josianic reform, were King Josiah's religious reforms of Judah in 622 BC, purging foreign cult objects and centralizing all sacrifice at the Jerusalem Temple.
Remaliah
Remaliah (Hebrew Remalyahu) was an 8th-century BC Israelite known only as the father of Pekah, the next-to-last king of Israel; he never appears acting in any narrative.
Return to Zion
The Return to Zion, or Return from the Babylonian exile (Hebrew Shivat Tziyon), was the return of Judean exiles to Yehud after Cyrus's 538 BC decree, beginning the Second Temple period.
Revolt of Absalom
The Revolt of Absalom was the rebellion of Absalom, third son of King David, against his father, declared at Hebron and ending with Absalom's death at Joab's hands.
Revolt of Ilu-bi'di of Hamath
The Revolt of Ilu-bi'di of Hamath, led by Yau-bi'di, was an uprising against the Assyrian king Sargon II, crushed in 720 BC after a battle near Qarqar.
Rezin
Rezin, also known as Rahianu, Rasin, or Rasun, was the last king of Aram-Damascus, an Aramean kingdom centered on Damascus; he died when the city fell to Assyria in 732 BC.
Rezon (son of Eliada)
Rezon, son of Eliada, is an Aramean ruler known only from 1 Kings 11:23-25, where he flees Hadadezer of Zobah, seizes Damascus, and becomes an adversary of Solomon.
Rib-Hadda
Rib-Hadda, also written Rib-Adda, was king of Byblos on the Lebanese coast around 1370 to 1340 BC, a vassal of Egypt who wrote more Amarna letters than anyone else.
Royal steward
The royal steward, Hebrew ʾăšer ʿal-habbayit ("the one who is over the house"), was the highest court office beneath the king in Judah in the 8th and 7th centuries BC.
Royal Steward Inscription
The Royal Steward Inscription, also known as the Shebna inscription, is a Paleo-Hebrew epitaph from a rock-cut tomb at Silwan, Jerusalem, dating to the 7th century BCE.
Rukibtu
Rukibtu, also spelled Rukibti, was a king of Ashkelon in the late eighth century BC, installed by Assyria after the deposition of Mitinti, and father of Sharru-lu-dari.
Runtiya
Runtiya was an early Iron Age ruler of Melid (Malizi), whose capital stood at Arslantepe near Malatya in eastern Turkey, in the 12th or 11th century BC.
Ruwafa inscriptions
The Ruwafa inscriptions are five Greek and Nabataean texts, including a bilingual, recording the building of a temple at Ruwāfah in northwest Saudi Arabia by the Thamūd, 166–169 AD.
Sack of Ebla
The sack of Ebla was the violent destruction of the Syrian capital of Ebla around 2250 BC, attributed to Naram-Sin of Akkad, though Mari is an alternative candidate.
Sack of Jerusalem by Jehoash of Israel
The sack of Jerusalem by Jehoash of Israel was a campaign around 800 BC in which Jehoash defeated Amaziah of Judah near Beth-shemesh and plundered the Temple and royal treasuries.
Safaitic
Safaitic is an ancient alphabet and Old Arabic dialect of tens of thousands of rock inscriptions carved by nomads in the basalt deserts of Syria and Jordan.
Sakçagözü steles
The Sakçagözü steles (Sakçe Gözü steles) are Neo-Hittite reliefs of the 8th century BC from Coba Höyük near Sakçagözü, Gaziantep province, southeastern Turkey, excavated by John Garstang in 1908 and 1911.
Salmanu (king of Moab)
Salmanu, also read Salamanu, was a king of Moab in the late eighth century BC, named in the inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III as a ruler who paid tribute to Assyria.
Samalian language
Samʾalian, also spelled Sam'alian, is the Northwest Semitic language of the Iron Age kingdom of Sam'al at Zincirli in the northern Levant, known chiefly from royal and mortuary inscriptions of the eighth century BC.
Samareitikon
The Samareitikon (Samaritikon) is a disputed Greek version of the Pentateuch associated with the Samaritan recension, named from readings marked in Origen's Hexapla and known only from fragments.
Samaria ivories
The Samaria ivories are carved ivory furniture inlays excavated at Samaria, capital of the kingdom of Israel, between 1908 and 1935, dated to the 9th–8th centuries BCE.
Samaria ostraca
The Samaria ostraca are 102 Hebrew-inscribed potsherds found at Samaria, ancient Israel's capital, recording wine and oil deliveries in the first half of the 8th century BCE.
Samaritan Aramaic
Samaritan Aramaic is the Western Aramaic dialect of the Samaritans, spoken in Samaria during the Roman and Byzantine periods and used in the Samaritan Targum.
Samlah of Masrekah
Samlah of Masrekah is a king of Edom known only from the list of Edomite kings in Genesis 36:36, where he succeeds Hadad and is succeeded by Shaul of Rehoboth.
Samsi (queen of Qedar)
Samsi, also rendered Samsie, was an Arab queen defeated by the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III around 733 BCE and the only Queen of the Arabs recorded by two Assyrian kings.
Sanballat (governor of Samaria)
Sanballat, also known as Sanballat the Horonite, was governor of Samaria under Persian rule in the mid-fifth century BC and the leading opponent of Nehemiah's rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls.