1,122 articles
Anunnaki
Anunnaki (Sumerian Anunna, Akkadian Anunnaku): a collective group of major Mesopotamian deities, distinct from the Igigi; since Sitchin's 1976 The 12th Planet also a rejected ancient-astronaut claim about Nibiru.
Apiashal
Apiashal is an early Assyrian ruler known only from later copies of the Assyrian King List, where he is the last of seventeen "kings who lived in tents".
Apil-kin
Apil-kīn was a shakkanakku, or governor and ruler, of Mari on the Euphrates around 2126–2091 BC; his daughter Tarām-Uram married the Ur king Shulgi.
Apil-Sin
Apil-Sîn was the fourth Amorite king of the First Dynasty of Babylon, reigning from 1830 to 1813 BC, the father of Sin-muballit and grandfather of Hammurabi.
Apilkin
Apilkin was a king of the Gutian dynasty of Sumer, known essentially from a single line in the Sumerian King List assigning him a 3-year reign between Kurum and Laerabum.
Arab campaigns of Ashurbanipal
The Arab campaigns of Ashurbanipal were wars fought by Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, against Arab tribal groups, chiefly the Qedarites and Nabatu, on the empire's desert frontier from 652 BC.
Aradmu
Aradmu was a head agricultural administrator (šabra gud) in the Ur III state, known from an archive of 145 cuneiform tablets looted from a site near Nippur.
Aramaization of Assyria
The Aramaization of Assyria was the spread of Aramaic and Arameans through the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the first millennium BC, as Aramaic gradually replaced Akkadian.
Aramean incursions
The Aramean incursions were raids and settlement by Aramaean tribes against Middle Assyria and Babylonia from the late 12th to the 11th centuries BC, first recorded under Tiglath-pileser I.
Aramean migrations into Babylonia
The Aramean migrations into Babylonia were the gradual entry and settlement of West Semitic pastoralist tribes in southern Mesopotamia from the 11th century BC, not a single invasion.
Archaic tablets from Uruk
The archaic tablets from Uruk, also called the Uruk IV and III tablets, are about 5,000 proto-cuneiform clay tablets recording grain and livestock, dating to about 3350–3000 BC.
Architecture of Mesopotamia
Architecture of Mesopotamia: the mud-brick building tradition of the Tigris-Euphrates plain, from Ubaid temples and Uruk's first cities to ziggurats, Early Dynastic palaces, brick vaulting, and the Ishtar Gate.
Archive of Abu Salabikh
The Archive of Abu Salabikh, also called the Abu Salabikh tablets, is a group of over 400 cuneiform tablets of about 2600 BC found at Tell Abu Salabikh, Iraq.
Arda-Mulissu
Arda-Mulissu, also written Arda-Muliššu and known biblically as Adrammelech, was an Assyrian prince disinherited by Sennacherib in favor of Esarhaddon, and named as his father's murderer in 681 BC.
Arik-den-ili
Arik-den-ili, also written Ārik-dēn-ili, was a king of Assyria in the early Middle Assyrian period, reigning about 1307–1296 BC and campaigning against nomads and Kassite Babylonia.
Art of Mesopotamia
Art of Mesopotamia: visual art and architecture of the Tigris-Euphrates land, also called Mesopotamian art, from 8000 BCE to about AD 100, defined by temple, palace, and cemetery patronage, conceptual conventions, cylinder seals, and monuments such as the Warka Vase and Naram-Sin stele.
Arwium
Arwium, whose name means "male gazelle", is a legendary early king of Kish in the Sumerian King List, son of Mašda, credited with a 720-year reign.
Asharid-apal-Ekur
Asharid-apal-Ekur was a king of Assyria who reigned two years, 1075–1074 BC, between his father Tiglath-pileser I and his brother Ashur-bel-kala, and left no royal inscriptions.
Ashduni-yarim
Ashduni-yarim (Ašdūni-arim) was an early Old Babylonian ruler of the Mesopotamian city of Kish, known from royal inscriptions describing an eight-year war and building works.
Ashkur-Addu
Aškur-Addu, son of Samu-Addu, was king of Karana in the Upper Habur region during the Old Babylonian period, known almost entirely from the royal archive at Mari.
Ashur (god)
Ashur (Aššur, Assur) was the national god and chief deity of the Assyrian pantheon, personifying the city of Ashur on the Tigris; land, city, and god shared one name, and Assyria derives from it.
Ashur-bel-kala
Ashur-bel-kala, also written Aššur-bēl-kala, was king of Assyria from about 1074 to 1056 BC, a son of Tiglath-Pileser I who fought the Arameans and rebuilt temples at Assur.
Ashur-bel-nisheshu
Ashur-bel-nisheshu (Aššur-bēl-nīšēšu) was king of Assyria for nine years, dated 1417–1409 or 1407–1399 BC, best known for a boundary treaty and oath with Karaindaš, king of Kassite Babylonia.
Ashur-dan I
Ashur-dan I, also written Assur-dan I, was the 83rd king of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian period, reigning about 46 years, from about 1178 to 1133 BC.
Ashur-dan II
Ashur-dan II, also known as Aššur-dān II, was king of Assyria from 934 to 912 BC, counted as the first king of the Neo-Assyrian period.
Ashur-dan III
Ashur-dan III (Aššur-dān III) was king of Assyria from 772 to 755 BC, son of Adad-nirari III, whose reign of plagues and revolts marked the age of the magnates.
Ashur-danin-pal
Ashur-danin-pal was an Assyrian prince, son and crown prince of King Shalmaneser III, who led a great revolt against his father in the late 820s BC.
Ashur-nadin-ahhe I
Ashur-nadin-ahhe I (Aššur-nādin-aḫḫē I) was an early Middle Assyrian king, entry 66 of the Assyrian King List, son of Ashur-rabi I and predecessor of Enlil-nasir II.
Ashur-nadin-ahhe II
Ashur-nadin-ahhe II (Aššur-nādin-ahhē II) was an Assyrian king of the late 15th and early 14th century BC, known mainly from the Amarna letter EA 16.
Ashur-nadin-apli
Ashur-nedin-apli was a King of Assyria who seized the throne during his father's lifetime, with reigns of three or four years, dated 1206–1203 BC or 1196–1193 BC.