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Ancient Mesopotamia

1,122 articles

Ashur-nadin-shumi

Ashur-nadin-shumi, also Aššur-nādin-šumi, was a son of the Assyrian king Sennacherib whom his father made king of Babylon; he reigned six years until the Elamites captured and deported him to Elam in 694 BC.

Ashur-nirari I

Ashur-nirari I was a king of Assyria in the early Middle Assyrian period, the 60th ruler in the Assyrian King List, where he is credited with 26 years.

Ashur-nirari II

Ashur-nirari II (Aššur-nērārī II) was a king of Assyria in the mid-fifteenth century BC, the 68th ruler on the Assyrian King List and son of Enlil-nasir II.

Ashur-nirari III

Ashur-nirari III (Aššur-nērārī III) was a king of Assyria who reigned six years around 1202–1197 BC, a grandson of Tukulti-Ninurta I who ruled a kingdom weakened by his grandfather's assassination.

Ashur-nirari IV

Ashur-nirari IV (Aššur-nērāri IV) was king of Assyria from 1018 to 1013 BC, the 94th king in the list and a son of Shalmaneser II.

Ashur-nirari V

Ashur-nirari V (Aššur-nērārī V) was king of Assyria from 754 to 745 BC, a son of Adad-nirari III whose weak reign ended in rebellion and the accession of Tiglath-pileser III.

Ashur-rabi II

Ashur-rabi II, also known as Aššur-rābi II, was king of Assyria from 1012 to 972 BC, a 41-year reign among the longest of any Assyrian monarch.

Ashur-resh-ishi I

Ashur-resh-ishi I (Aššur-rēš-iši I) was a king of Assyria in the late twelfth century BC who reigned 1132–1115 BC and was the father and predecessor of Tiglath-pileser I.

Ashur-resh-ishi II

Ashur-resh-ishi II, also known as Aššur-rēš-iši II, was king of Assyria from about 971 to 967 BC, son of Ashur-rabi II and father of Tiglath-pileser II.

Ashur-rim-nisheshu

Ashur-rim-nisheshu (Aššur-rēm-nīšēšu) was king of Assyria for eight years around 1408–1401 BC, the 70th ruler in the Assyrian King List, son of Aššur-bêl-nišešu and father of Aššur-nadin-ahhe II.

Ashur-shaduni

Ashur-shaduni, or Aššur-šadūni, was an Assyrian king in the mid-15th century BC, entry 64 of the Assyrian King List, whose one-month reign ended when Ashur-rabi I ousted him and seized the throne.

Ashur-uballit I

Ashur-uballit I (Aššur-uballiṭ I) was king of Assyria c. 1365–1330 BC, son and successor of Eriba-Adad I, credited with creating the first Assyrian empire and initiating the Middle Assyrian period.

Ashur-uballit II

Ashur-uballit II, also written Assur-uballit II, was the last ruler of Assyria, reigning from 612 to 609 BC until his defeat at Ḫarran ended the Assyrian monarchy.

Ashurbanipal

Ashurbanipal (Aššur-bāni-apal), last great king of Assyria (r. 669/668–c. 631/627 BC), ruled from Nineveh the largest empire of its day and built the famed library of over 20,000 cuneiform tablets.

Ashurbanipal's campaigns against Elam

Ashurbanipal's campaigns against Elam, also called the Elamite wars of Ashurbanipal, were the wars between the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Elam, ending with the sack of Susa.

Ashurnasirpal II

Ashurnasirpal II, also known as Aššur-nāṣir-apli II, was king of Assyria from 883 to 859 BC who rebuilt the empire's power and founded the new capital Kalhu, modern Nimrud.

Asinum

Asinum was a king of Assyria in the early second millennium BC, and was named in Puzur-Sin's inscriptions as a royal claimant contesting the throne.

Ašipu

The ašipu, also spelled Ashipu or Asipu, was a learned exorcist-healer of ancient Mesopotamia, one of five scholarly professions serving temples and the royal court from the early second millennium BC.

Asqudum

Asqudum, also written Ašqudum, was a diviner at the court of Mari who served King Zimri-Lim in the eighteenth century BC, with diplomatic and commercial duties.

Assassination of Sennacherib

The assassination of Sennacherib, also known as the murder of Sennacherib, was the stabbing of the Assyrian king by his sons, led by Urad-Mullissu, in Nineveh in 681 BC.

Assassination of Tukulti-Ninurta I

The assassination of Tukulti-Ninurta I was the killing of the Assyrian king and conqueror of Babylon by his son Ashur-nadin-apli and the Assyrian nobles, dated to about 1197–1208 BC.

Assur archive of Middle Assyrian texts

The Assur archive of Middle Assyrian texts is a body of cuneiform tablets from Assur, the Assyrian capital in Iraq, excavated chiefly by the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft between 1903 and 1914.

Aššur-daʾʾinanni

Aššur-daʾʾinanni was a Neo-Assyrian eunuch official who served King Tiglath-pileser III as governor of Mazamua and gave his name to the year 733 BC, the year of the campaign against Damascus.

Aššur-etil-ilāni

Aššur-etil-ilāni (Aššur-etel-ilāni), son of Ashurbanipal, was a late Neo-Assyrian king (reign dated 630–627 or 631–627 BC), installed as a minor by the chief eunuch Sîn-šuma-līšir, who held real power; succeeded by his brother Sîn-šarra-iškun.

Assur-nada

Assur-nada (Aššur-nāda) was an Old Assyrian merchant of the 19th century BC, eldest son of Aššur-idī and chief agent of the family firm at Kanesh in Anatolia.

Assurbanipal's campaigns against Elam

Assurbanipal's campaigns against Elam were Assyrian wars fought between 664 and 646 BC against successive Elamite kings, ending with the sack of Susa and the destruction of Elam as a regional power.

Assyria

Assyria: ancient Mesopotamian kingdom centered on Ashur on the Tigris, known in Old, Middle, and Neo-Assyrian phases. It grew into the Near East's dominant empire (over one million square kilometers) before Babylonian-Mede forces destroyed Nineveh in 612 BCE; royal resistance ended in 609 BCE.

Assyrian captivity

Assyrian captivity: the deportation of Israelites after Samaria fell in 722 BCE to Shalmaneser V and Sargon II, who removed 27,280 people under Assyria's mass resettlement policy.

Assyrian conquest of Aram

The Assyrian conquest of Aram was the centuries-long series of Neo-Assyrian campaigns against the Aramean states of Syria, ending with Tiglath-pileser III's annexation of Aram-Damascus in 732 BC.

Assyrian conquest of Mitanni

The Assyrian conquest of Mitanni, also called the Fall of Hanigalbat, was the absorption of the Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni into the Middle Assyrian Empire under Adad-nirari I and Shalmaneser I, c. 1300–1260 BC.