5,147 articles
Anu ziggurat
Anu ziggurat: prehistoric temple platform at Uruk (Warka), Iraq, begun c. 4000 BCE and expanded through fourteen phases; carries the White Temple, a ~22 x 17.5 m tripartite lime-plastered shrine of the late 4th millennium BCE. Also called the Anu Ziggurat of Uruk; distinguished from later step-tower ziggurats and from the Eanna precinct.
Anubanini
Anubanini was a king of Lullubum in the Zagros mountains of western Iran around 2000 BC, known from a rock relief and Akkadian inscription at Sar-e Pol-e Zahab.
Anubanini rock relief
The Anubanini rock relief, also read Anobanini, is a victory monument at Sar-e Pol-e Zahab in western Iran, made for Anubanini, king of Lullubum, around 2000 BCE.
Anubis
Anubis, ancient Egyptian jackal-headed god of embalming, mummification, and cemeteries and protector of graves; weighed hearts against Ma'at's feather and merged with Hermes as Hermanubis in the Greco-Roman world.
Anunnaki
Anunnaki (Sumerian Anunna, Akkadian Anunnaku): a collective group of major Mesopotamian deities, distinct from the Igigi; since Sitchin's 1976 The 12th Planet also a rejected ancient-astronaut claim about Nibiru.
Anzaf fortress inscriptions
The Anzaf fortress inscriptions are Urartian royal cuneiform texts from the twin fortresses of Lower and Upper Anzaf near Van, Turkey, naming kings Išpuini and Minua.
Anzapahhaddu
Anzapahhaddu was a ruler in the Arzawa sphere of western Anatolia in the second half of the 14th century BC, known only from Hittite texts.
Apepi
Apepi, also Apophis or Ipepi, was a Hyksos king of the Fifteenth Dynasty who ruled from Avaris around 1585 to 1542 BC and fought the Theban kings Seqenenre and Kamose.
Aperanat
Aperanat, also written Aper-Anati, was a ruler of Egypt's Second Intermediate Period known from a single scarab in the Petrie Museum bearing the title heqa khasut, meaning ruler of foreign lands.
Aperel
Aperel ('Aper-El, also written 'Aperia) was a vizier of Egypt under Amenhotep III and probably Akhenaten, c. 1391–1353 BC, known from his rock-cut tomb at Saqqara, reached in 1987.
Aphilas
Aphilas, also Aphilas Bisi Dimele, was a king of Aksum in the early 4th century AD, known chiefly from his coinage, including the only Aksumite fractional gold denominations.
Apiashal
Apiashal is an early Assyrian ruler known only from later copies of the Assyrian King List, where he is the last of seventeen "kings who lived in tents".
Apil-kin
Apil-kīn was a shakkanakku, or governor and ruler, of Mari on the Euphrates around 2126–2091 BC; his daughter Tarām-Uram married the Ur king Shulgi.
Apil-Sin
Apil-Sîn was the fourth Amorite king of the First Dynasty of Babylon, reigning from 1830 to 1813 BC, the father of Sin-muballit and grandfather of Hammurabi.
Apilkin
Apilkin was a king of the Gutian dynasty of Sumer, known essentially from a single line in the Sumerian King List assigning him a 3-year reign between Kurum and Laerabum.
Apis (deity)
Apis (Hapi, Hep), the sacred bull deity of Memphis in ancient Egypt, living manifestation (ba) of Ptah; one bull at a time, identified by distinctive markings, buried as Osiris-Apis in the Saqqara Serapeum, basis of Serapis.
Apis bull stelae
Apis bull stelae, also called Serapeum stelae, are dated stone slabs set up in the Serapeum at Saqqara to commemorate sacred Apis bulls and their burials.
Apollonia (wife of Dryton)
Apollonia, also called Senmonthis, was a Greek-Egyptian woman of Pathyris in Upper Egypt who married the Cretan cavalry officer Dryton in 150 BC and is known through his family's bilingual papyrus archive.
Apollonius (dioiketes)
Apollonius was the dioiketes, chief financial official of Ptolemaic Egypt under Ptolemy II Philadelphos, serving about fifteen years until his dismissal and confiscation of property after 246 BC.
Apology of Hattusili III
The Apology of Hattusili III (CTH 81) is a Hittite text in which King Hattusili III justifies his seizure of the throne from his nephew Urhi-Teshub.
Apries
Apries, also known as Hophra, was a pharaoh of Egypt's Twenty-sixth Dynasty who reigned from 589 to 570 BC and was overthrown by his general Amasis.
Arab campaigns of Ashurbanipal
The Arab campaigns of Ashurbanipal were wars fought by Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, against Arab tribal groups, chiefly the Qedarites and Nabatu, on the empire's desert frontier from 652 BC.
Arabio
Arabio, also spelled Arabion, was a Numidian prince, son of Massinissa II, who recovered part of his father's kingdom after Caesar's assassination in 44 BC.
Arad ostraca
The Arad ostraca, also known as the Arad letters, are Hebrew ink inscriptions on pottery from the Judahite fortress at Tel Arad, written around 600 BCE.
Aradmu
Aradmu was a head agricultural administrator (šabra gud) in the Ur III state, known from an archive of 145 cuneiform tablets looted from a site near Nippur.
Aram Rehob
Aram Rehob, also called Beth-Rehob or Bit Rehob, was a small Aramean state of the 10th and 9th centuries BC near Dan, remembered as an ally of Aram-Zobah against David.
Aram-Damascus
Aram-Damascus, also known as the Aramean kingdom of Damascus, was an Aramean kingdom centered on Damascus, the principal Aramean state of the 9th and 8th centuries BC.
Aramaic inscription of Yanouh
The Aramaic inscription of Yanouh is a fragmentary Aramaic text on a sandstone block found in the 1960s at the Yanouh-Mghaira sanctuary in Mount Lebanon, now lost.
Aramaic papyri from Egypt
The Aramaic papyri from Egypt, also known as the Elephantine papyri, are 1,042 fifth-century BC documents recording a Judean military colony at Elephantine with its own temple to YHW.
Aramaization of Assyria
The Aramaization of Assyria was the spread of Aramaic and Arameans through the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the first millennium BC, as Aramaic gradually replaced Akkadian.