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Criminal law and penal justice

3,576 articles

Ceslaw Bojarski

Ceslaw Bojarski was a Polish counterfeiter who produced fake French banknotes in the Paris suburbs. He made his own paper, plates, and presses, operating for over thirteen years.

Chad Bianco

Chad Bianco, Riverside County, California sheriff-coroner since 2018 and Republican 2026 gubernatorial candidate, known for the unprecedented seizure of about 650,000 ballots from the November 2025 Proposition 50 election, ruled unlawful by the California Supreme Court.

Chain gang

Chain gang: groups of prisoners shackled at the ankles performing public hard labor, chiefly Southern road work after the Civil War; successor to convict leasing, abolished in the 1940s, revived in the 1990s.

Chain of custody

Chain of custody is the documented tracking of evidence through collection, safeguarding, and analysis, recording each handler, transfer date/time, and purpose; gaps may reduce evidentiary weight without barring admission.

Chamber of Horrors (Madame Tussauds)

Chamber of Horrors is Madame Tussauds London's criminal waxwork exhibit, begun in 1818, named by Punch in 1846, and reopened in October 2022 with figures of the Kray Twins, Christie, Haigh, Nilsen, Crippen, and Jack the Ripper.

Chanel Miller

Chanel Miller, formerly known as Emily Doe, is an American writer and artist, survivor of the 2015 Stanford sexual assault by Brock Turner, author of the NBCC-winning memoir Know My Name.

Changi Prison

Changi Prison is Singapore's maximum-security prison complex on Upper Changi Road North, opened 1937 as the last British colonial prison, a WWII POW internment camp, redeveloped 2004, with its gate, wall and turrets a National Monument.

Chao Xu (rapist)

Chao Xu, Chinese-born London recruitment businessman (born 1992), drugged women with GHB and scopolamine at networking events, raped and filmed them with hidden cameras, pleaded guilty to 24 sexual offences and received a life sentence in November 2025.

Charles Albright

Charles Frederick Albright (born 1933), the "Eyeball Killer," a Dallas man convicted in 1991 of murdering sex worker Shirley Williams; three Oak Cliff victims had eyes surgically removed, and trial hair evidence was later shown to be dog hair.

Charles Bronson (prisoner)

Charles Bronson, born Michael Gordon Peterson (1952), later Charles Salvador, is one of the UK's longest-serving prisoners, jailed since 1974, given a discretionary life sentence in 2000 for a 44-hour hostage taking, and known for prison violence, art, and repeated refused parole bids.

Charles Colson

Charles W. Colson (1931–2012), Nixon's special counsel and a Watergate figure who pled guilty in the Ellsberg case, converted to evangelical Christianity and founded Prison Fellowship, Prison Fellowship International, Justice Fellowship, and the Colson Center.

Charles Cullen

Charles Cullen (born 1960), American serial-killer nurse; murdered at least 29 patients with digoxin and insulin overdoses across New Jersey and Pennsylvania hospitals over 16 years before his 2003 arrest; sentenced to 11 life terms in 2006.

Charles E. Littlejohn

Charles E. Littlejohn, a former IRS contractor for Booz Allen Hamilton, was charged with leaking tax returns of Donald Trump and wealthy Americans. He received a five-year sentence in 2024.

Charles Graner

Charles A. Graner Jr., U.S. Army Reserve specialist of the 372nd Military Police Company, convicted ringleader of the 2003 Abu Ghraib detainee abuse; sentenced in January 2005 to ten years, dishonorable discharge, and reduction to E-1.

Charles Harrelson

Charles Voyde Harrelson (1938–2007), American contract killer and father of actor Woody Harrelson, convicted of the 1979 assassination of federal judge John H. Wood Jr. for a $250,000 fee from drug trafficker Jimmy Chagra; died in Supermax prison.

Charles Ingram

Charles Ingram, British Army major convicted in 2003 of defrauding Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? via the 'coughing' signal scheme with Diana Ingram and Tecwen Whittock; £1m prize stopped, convictions upheld on appeal.

Charles Lee Burton

Charles Lee "Sonny" Burton, Alabama death row inmate convicted under the felony murder doctrine for the 1991 Talladega AutoZone robbery killing of Doug Battle, though Derrick DeBruce fired the shot; Governor Kay Ivey commuted his sentence to life without parole on March 10, 2026.

Charles Manson

Charles Manson (1934–2017), American cult leader of the Manson Family, convicted of ordering nine 1969 murders including Sharon Tate's; death sentences commuted to life in 1972; died at Corcoran State Prison.

Charles Ng (吴志达)

Charles Chitat Ng (吴志达), born 1960 in Hong Kong, is an American death-row murderer who with Leonard Lake killed at least 11 adults and two children in California in 1984-1985; convicted 1999, affirmed 2022.

Charles Ray Crawford

Charles Ray Crawford, Mississippi death row inmate executed October 15, 2025, for the 1993 kidnapping, rape, and murder of Kristy Ray; his McCoy v. Louisiana claim was denied by the Supreme Court.

Charles Rodman Campbell

Charles Rodman Campbell, murderer executed by hanging in Washington on May 27, 1994, for the 1982 Clearview killings of Renae Wicklund, her daughter Shannah, and Barbara Hendrickson; his case was Washington's last judicial hanging.

Charles Sabini

Charles "Darby" Sabini (1888–1951), real name Ottavio Sabini, led the Anglo-Italian Sabini gang of Clerkenwell's Little Italy, dominating London racecourse protection rackets in the 1920s before internment in 1940.

Charles Schmid

Charles Schmid (Charles Howard Schmid Jr., 1942–1975), the "Pied Piper of Tucson", was an American murderer who killed three teenage girls near Tucson, Arizona, in 1964–1965, was sentenced to death in 1966, and died after a 1975 inmate stabbing.

Charles Sobhraj

Charles Sobhraj, "The Serpent" and "Bikini Killer", French serial killer born 1944 in Saigon; drugged and robbed Western backpackers on the 1970s Hippie Trail, convicted of murder in India and Nepal, freed from Nepal in December 2022 and deported to France.

Charles Starkweather

Charles Starkweather (1938-1959), Lincoln, Nebraska spree killer who with girlfriend Caril Ann Fugate murdered 11 people in Nebraska and Wyoming in 1957-58; executed in the electric chair June 25, 1959.

Charles-Henri Sanson

Charles-Henri Sanson (1739-1806), "Sanson le Grand", royal executioner of Paris under Louis XV and Louis XVI, from the hereditary Sanson dynasty begun 1688; executed 2,918 people including Louis XVI, resigned 1795.

Charlie Bowdre

Charlie Bowdre (1848-1880), also Charles Meriwether Bowdre, was a Lincoln County War Regulator and cowboy who rode with Billy the Kid; he was shot dead by Pat Garrett's posse at Stinking Springs on December 23, 1880, and is buried beside Tom O'Folliard at Fort Sumner.

Charlie Brandt

Carl "Charlie" Brandt (1957–2004), American suspected serial killer; killed his pregnant mother in Fort Wayne, Indiana in 1971 at 13, murdered wife Teri and niece Michelle Jones in Florida in 2004 before suicide; 1989 Perisho murder attributed to him.

Check kiting

Check kiting: bank fraud cycling insufficient-funds checks between two or more accounts to exploit the float; prosecuted under 18 U.S.C. §1344, up to 30 years and $1,000,000 fine.

Chee Gaik Yap rape and murder

Chee Gaik Yap rape and murder: January 2006 killing of a 25-year-old marketing executive in Sungai Petani, Kedah. Shahril Jaafar, acquitted in 2013, was convicted in 2015 and remains on death row after the 2024 Federal Court re-sentencing review failed.