644 articles
Golden Bull of 1356
The Golden Bull of 1356 (Goldene Bulle), issued by Emperor Charles IV at Nuremberg and Metz, fixed the seven electors of the Holy Roman Empire, majority-rule election at Frankfurt, electors' privileges, and remained imperial constitutional law until 1806.
Golden power (Italy)
Golden power is the special power the Italian government may exercise over companies in strategic sectors, imposing conditions on or vetoing acquisitions; introduced in 2012, it screens foreign investment.
Goldwater–Nichols Act
Goldwater–Nichols Act (PL 99-433, October 1, 1986), also called the Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986: landmark U.S. law strengthening the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, fixing the chain of command through combatant commanders, and mandating joint duty for officer promotion.
Good Neighbor Rule (EPA)
The Good Neighbor Rule is a 2023 EPA rule limiting ozone-season nitrogen oxide emissions from power plants and industrial facilities in 23 upwind states, stayed since 2024.
Government of India Act 1935
Government of India Act 1935: British statute assented 2 August 1935, proposing an All-India Federation with provincial autonomy and reserved central powers; federation never formed, but the Act shaped India's and Pakistan's constitutions.
Government of Ireland Act 1914
Government of Ireland Act 1914, the third Home Rule Act: UK statute granting Ireland a devolved bicameral parliament, given Royal Assent 18 September 1914, suspended by the Suspensory Act, never in force, repealed by the 1920 Act.
Great Law of Peace
The Great Law of Peace, known in Mohawk as Kaianere'kó:wa, is the oral constitution of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, transmitted in wampum belts and credited to the Peacemaker and Hiawatha.
Grievances of the United States Declaration of Independence
The 27 grievances against King George III form the evidentiary core of the US Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776: their structure in four groups, Jefferson's sources, removed clauses, and their influence on the Constitution.
Group Areas Act
Group Areas Act (Act 41 of 1950), cornerstone apartheid statute of South Africa, also called GAA; assigned residence and property by race, displaced over 600,000 people including District Six, repealed 1991.
Guano Islands Act
Guano Islands Act: U.S. law of August 18, 1856 (11 Stat. 119; 48 U.S.C. §§ 1411–1419) letting citizens claim unclaimed guano islands for the United States; upheld in Jones v. United States (1890).
Gun control
Gun control, or firearms regulation, comprises laws governing civilian manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, and use of guns; in the United States it spans the NFA of 1934, the Gun Control Act of 1968, state laws, and Bruen-era constitutional tests.
Gun law in the United States
Gun law in the United States: federal-state framework built on the 1934 NFA and 1968 Gun Control Act, NICS background checks, ATF administration, Heller-Bruen-Rahimi Second Amendment doctrine, and RAND evidence on state policy effects.
Gun laws in Arizona
Gun laws in Arizona: permitless "constitutional" carry since 2010 for adults 21+, voluntary shall-issue CCW permits via DPS under A.R.S. § 13-3112, no state registration or purchase permit, and state preemption of local firearm rules.
Gun laws in California
Gun laws in California: state firearms and ammunition regulation administered by the DOJ Bureau of Firearms, featuring the 10-day waiting period, DROS dealer transfers, handgun roster, ammunition checks, red flag law, and Bruen-era litigation.
Gun laws in Colorado
Gun laws in Colorado: state firearms statutes covering universal background checks, a 3-day waiting period, the 15-round magazine ban, ERPO red-flag orders, ghost gun rules, and SB25-003 semiautomatic purchase requirements effective August 2026.
Gun laws in Florida
Gun laws in Florida: Chapter 790 statutes covering no purchase permit, 3-day waiting period, permitless concealed carry since July 2023, open carry legalized by court ruling in 2025, post-Parkland age-21 purchase ban, and state preemption.
Gun laws in Illinois
Gun laws in Illinois: FOID card requirement, concealed carry licensing, and the Protect Illinois Communities Act assault weapons ban, upheld by the Seventh Circuit in 2026 and pending Supreme Court review.
Gun laws in Indiana
Gun laws in Indiana are the state and federal rules governing the purchase, possession, carrying, and sale of firearms, with permitless carry of handguns since July 1, 2022.
Gun laws in Maryland
Maryland's gun laws: handgun purchase licensing (HQL, 2013), seven-day waiting period, Wear & Carry permits restricted to concealed carry at age 21+, assault weapons ban, sensitive-place carry restrictions, and 4th Circuit litigation after Bruen.
Gun laws in Michigan
Michigan gun laws: 2023 package signed by Gov. Whitmer added universal background checks, safe storage (Public Act 17 of 2023) and red flag extreme risk protection orders, effective February 13, 2024; CPL rules and school-zone bans shape carry.
Gun laws in New Jersey
Gun laws in New Jersey: state firearms regulation under Title 2C, rooted in the 1966 permit law, reshaped by P.L.2022 c.131 after Bruen, with the SAFE Office and the 2026 Third Circuit ruling striking the assault weapons and magazine bans.
Gun laws in New York
Gun laws in New York: state firearms statutes under Penal Law Articles 265 and 400.00, the 2013 SAFE Act, and the 2022 Concealed Carry Improvement Act passed after the Bruen ruling struck down the proper-cause carry requirement.
Gun laws in North Carolina
Gun laws in North Carolina: state firearm statutes rated 24th (Everytown) and 25th (Giffords) nationally. Key facts: 2023 repeal of the century-old pistol purchase permit over a governor's veto, 16.3 gun deaths per 100k, strong domestic violence prohibitions, and 2025 school-carry expansion.
Gun laws in Ohio
Gun laws in Ohio: state firearms rules under Revised Code Chapter 2923. Since June 13, 2022 (Senate Bill 215), qualifying adults 21 and older may carry concealed handguns without a permit; licenses, vehicle rules, and state preemption of local ordinances also apply.
Gun laws in Pennsylvania
Gun laws in Pennsylvania, also known as Pennsylvania gun laws, are the statutes and court decisions governing firearms, set out chiefly in Title 18's Uniform Firearms Act.
Gun laws in Texas
Gun laws in Texas govern firearm purchase and carry under Penal Code Chapter 46 and the License to Carry program. Since 2016 the state legalized open carry and campus carry, and HB 1927 (2021) made Texas the 21st permitless-carry state for adults 21 and older.
Gun laws in the United States by state
State-level US firearm laws governing permits, background checks, registration, carry, and weapon restrictions, layered over federal law; 12 states plus DC require purchase permits, Hawaii and DC register all firearms, and Bruen (2022) reshaped constitutional limits.
Gun laws in Virginia
Gun laws in Virginia: state statutes on firearm purchase, possession, and carry, including universal background checks, shall-issue concealed handgun permits, the 2020 red flag law, and the 2026 assault firearms ban now enjoined pending Supreme Court review.
Gun laws in Washington
Gun laws in Washington: state firearms regulation under RCW 9.41, including universal background checks (I-594), the 2023 assault weapon ban (HB 1240), the 10-round magazine limit, waiting periods, and the 2027 permit-to-purchase requirement.
Gun laws of Australia
Australian gun laws: shared Commonwealth/state regulation under the 1996 National Firearms Agreement after the Port Arthur massacre (35 killed), including category licensing, a 640,000-gun buyback, the National Firearms Register, and 2026 Bondi-driven reforms.