644 articles
Gun politics in the United States
Gun politics in the United States, also called gun control debate, covers Second Amendment rights, federal laws (NFA 1934, GCA 1968, Brady Act, BSCA 2022), Supreme Court cases (Heller, Bruen, Rahimi), state variation, and evidence on firearm policy effects.
Gun safety
Gun safety: practices, devices, and laws for reducing firearm injuries through secure storage, locks, education, and child access prevention, with U.S. data, effectiveness evidence, and legal history.
Gun show loophole
The gun show loophole is the US federal exception letting unlicensed private sellers, at gun shows or elsewhere, sell firearms without background checks; rooted in FOPA 1986 and the Brady Act, contested by state laws and the 2024 ATF rule.
Habeas Corpus Act 1679
Habeas Corpus Act 1679 (31 Cha 2 c. 2), English statute compelling jailers to produce prisoners before courts within three days and certify detention causes, with £100/£200 penalties; a procedural landmark, not the creation of the writ.
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. 507 (2004), Supreme Court case holding that U.S. citizen Yaser Esam Hamdi, an enemy combatant, was entitled to due process to contest his detention before a neutral decisionmaker.
Hannah Natanson FBI raid
Hannah Natanson FBI raid: the January 14, 2026 FBI search warrant executed at the Virginia home of the Washington Post federal-workforce reporter, seizing her devices in a Pentagon leak probe and triggering court battles over the Privacy Protection Act.
Hatch Act
The Hatch Act is a 1939 United States federal law limiting political activities of federal employees while on duty, in the workplace, or in official capacity.
Hawaii Admission Act
Hawaii Admission Act, Public Law 86-3 (March 18, 1959), the federal law admitting the Territory of Hawaii as the 50th U.S. state, ratifying the 1950 constitution, followed by the June 27 plebiscite and Proclamation 3309 of August 21, 1959.
Hemp loophole
Hemp loophole: US legal gap from the 2018 Farm Bill defining hemp by delta-9 THC only, allowing intoxicating delta-8, THCA, and converted cannabinoids; closed by P.L. 119-37 (2025), effective December 2026.
High crimes and misdemeanors
High crimes and misdemeanors: the Article II, section 4 U.S. constitutional standard for impeachment and removal of the President, Vice President, and civil officers, borrowed from English parliamentary practice and covering political abuses of office beyond indictable crime.
History of human rights
History of human rights: development from ancient natural law, Enlightenment natural-rights theory, and the 1776 and 1789 declarations to the 1948 UDHR, the 1966 Covenants, decolonization, and post-2010 decline in prosecutions.
House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Act 2026
The House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Act 2026 (2026 c. 12) is a UK act, royal assent 18 March 2026, that ends the membership of the 92 excepted hereditary peers at the close of the 2024–26 session and abolishes the Lords' jurisdiction over hereditary peerage claims.
House of Lords Act 1999
House of Lords Act 1999: UK statute excluding hereditary peers from the House of Lords, excepting 92 under the Weatherill amendment; completed by the House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Act 2026.
Huda Ammori
Huda Ammori, British Palestinian-Iraqi activist, co-founded Palestine Action in July 2020 with Richard Barnard and led the judicial review against its 2025 UK terrorism proscription, winning at the High Court in February 2026 before the Court of Appeal reversed and the Supreme Court granted appeal.
Human Rights Act 1998
The Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) incorporates the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law, letting people enforce Convention rights in British courts from 1 October 2000, with section 3 interpretation duties, section 4 declarations of incompatibility, and section 6 duties on public authorities.
Human Rights Day
Human Rights Day, observed 10 December, is the UN observance commemorating the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), established by resolution 423(V) in 1950; annual themes and the UN Human Rights Prize mark it.
Human rights in Cuba
Human rights in Cuba under the one-party Communist state: Freedom House scores 9/100, 1,161 political prisoners reported for 2024, restricted speech, assembly, judiciary, and medical-mission labor abuses.
Human rights in India
Human rights in India: constitutional Fundamental Rights, the NHRC (est. 1993), Hansa Mehta's UDHR role, the 1975-77 Emergency, and current assessments rating India Partly Free amid custody deaths, press-freedom decline, and AFSPA immunity concerns.
Human rights in North Korea
Human rights in North Korea under Kim Jong Un's totalitarian one-party rule: UN-documented crimes against humanity, political prison camps, censorship of foreign media, songbun discrimination, forced labor, and restricted movement and escape.
Human rights in Qatar
Human rights in Qatar cover the hereditary emirate's political restrictions, kafala labor reforms for its 2 million migrant workers, male guardianship rules for women, criminalization of same-sex relations, and statelessness of the Ghufran clan.
Human rights in the Philippines
Human rights in the Philippines: record spans Marcos-era martial law abuses, Duterte's drug war with at least 8,663 official deaths and persistent impunity, red-tagging of activists, and Duterte's 2025 ICC arrest.
Human rights in the United Arab Emirates
Human rights in the United Arab Emirates: constitutional guarantees alongside severe restrictions on expression, mass trials of dissidents, kafala migrant labor abuses, banned unions, and resumed executions.
Human rights in the United States
Human rights in the United States, also called American civil liberties, rest on the Bill of Rights and civil rights statutes plus ratified ICCPR, CAT, and CERD treaties, with no single enforcement statute, no federal data protection law, and declining 2026 ratings.
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW), founded 1978 as Helsinki Watch, is an independent international NGO investigating human rights abuses in some 100 countries, refusing government funding, and advocating via naming and shaming.
Hyde Amendment
Hyde Amendment: annual US appropriations rider, first passed September 30, 1976, named for Rep. Henry Hyde, barring federal abortion funding except for rape, incest, or life endangerment; upheld in Harris v. McRae (1980).
Identity Cards Act 2006
Identity Cards Act 2006 (c. 15), UK legislation receiving Royal Assent 30 March 2006, created the National Identity Register and a biometric ID card framework; repealed by the Identity Documents Act 2010, with cards invalid from 21 January 2011.
Identity documents in the United States
Identity documents in the United States: birth certificates, Social Security cards, driver's licenses, passports, and mobile IDs. No national ID card exists; REAL ID (2005, enforced May 7, 2025) and NIST SP 800-63 identity proofing define federal standards.
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
IIRIRA, also called the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (Division C of P.L. 104-208), is a U.S. statute signed September 30, 1996 that created expedited removal, unlawful-presence bars (3 and 10 years), restricted judicial review, and tightened relief from deportation.
Immigration Act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924, also called the Johnson-Reed Act or National Origins Act (Public Law 68-139), set national-origins quotas of 2% of the 1890 census, capped Eastern Hemisphere immigration, and barred Asian immigrants until the 1965 Hart-Celler repeal.
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, or McCarran-Walter Act, is the foundational U.S. immigration statute, enacted over Truman's veto; it kept national origins quotas, ended Asian exclusion, and added ideological exclusion and Section 212(f).