644 articles
California Digital Age Assurance Act
California Digital Age Assurance Act (AB 1043, DAAA), Civil Code 1798.500–1798.505: 2025 law requiring operating systems and app stores to collect age at setup and send real-time age-bracket signals to developers, effective January 1, 2027; amended by AB 1856 to exempt open-source operating systems.
California State Senate
California State Senate, upper house of the California Legislature: 40 senators, four-year terms, 12-year lifetime limit, 30 Democrats and 10 Republicans, led by President pro Tempore Monique Limón.
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Charte canadienne des droits et libertés), or the Charter, is Canada's constitutional bill of rights, in force since 1982.
Canadian Confederation
Canadian Confederation: the 1867 union of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick into the Dominion of Canada under the British North America Act, negotiated at Charlottetown, Quebec City, and London.
Canadian nationality law
Canadian nationality law, governed by the Citizenship Act (R.S.C. 1985, c. C-29), defines acquisition of Canadian citizenship by birth in Canada, descent, and naturalization; first-generation descent limit struck down 2023, removed by Bill C-3 in force December 15, 2025.
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC, Conseil de la radiodiffusion et des télécommunications canadiennes): Canada's independent quasi-judicial regulator of broadcasting and telecommunications, founded 1968, renamed 1976, administering the Broadcasting Act, Telecommunications Act, Online Streaming Act, and Online News Act.
Casinos in Goa
Casinos in Goa: legal gambling venues in Goa, India, under the Goa, Daman and Diu Public Gambling Act, 1976. Onshore casinos in five-star hotels since 1993-94 and offshore vessels on the Mandovi river since 2000; six offshore and over a dozen onshore casinos by 2025.
Catherine Crump
Catherine Crump is an American legal scholar and civil liberties litigator specializing in government surveillance and privacy law, and a professor at UC Berkeley School of Law.
Chatrie v. United States
Chatrie v. United States, 609 U.S. _ (2026), a 6-3 Supreme Court decision by Justice Kagan holding that obtaining Google Location History via a geofence warrant is a Fourth Amendment search, limiting the third-party doctrine; decided from a 2019 Virginia credit-union robbery.
Cherokee Constitution
The Cherokee Constitution is the written fundamental law of the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma, first adopted at New Echota, Georgia, in 1827 and now the 2003 constitution establishing a tripartite government.
Child Labor Amendment
The Child Labor Amendment, proposed by Congress in 1924 (H.J. Res. 184), would have granted Congress power to limit, regulate, and prohibit labor of persons under 18. Ratified by only 28 of 36 needed states; never adopted, it remains technically pending.
Children's rights
Children's rights: human rights of people under majority age, framed by the 1924 Geneva Declaration and the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, monitored by the 18-member UN Committee on the Rights of the Child.
Chiles v. Salazar
Chiles v. Salazar, 607 U.S. 627 (2026), is a Supreme Court First Amendment case holding 8–1 that Colorado's 2019 Minor Conversion Therapy Law, as applied to counselor Kaley Chiles's talk therapy, is viewpoint-based speech regulation subject to strict scrutiny, reversing the Tenth Circuit.
Circumcision and law
Circumcision and law covers the legal status of male and female circumcision: FGM is statutorily banned (UK 1985 Act, WHO four types), while non-therapeutic male circumcision is lawful and unregulated in England, regulated by § 1631d BGB in Germany after the 2012 Cologne ruling, and unregulated in the US.
Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019
Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA), India's amendment to the Citizenship Act, 1955 creating a citizenship pathway for Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, and Christian migrants from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan who entered India before 31 December 2014; rules notified March 2024, under Supreme Court challenge.
Citizenship Clause
Citizenship Clause, first sentence of Fourteenth Amendment Section 1, source of U.S. birthright citizenship; construed in Wong Kim Ark (1898) and upheld against Executive Order 14160 in Trump v. Barbara (2026).
Citizenship of the United States
Citizenship of the United States, or U.S. nationality, is held at birth under the Fourteenth Amendment's jus soli rule (Wong Kim Ark, 1898) or acquired by naturalization; in 2026 the Supreme Court's Trump v. Barbara ruling struck down an executive order restricting it.
Civil Rights Act of 1875
The Civil Rights Act of 1875, also called the Sumner civil rights bill, was a Reconstruction-era federal law banning racial discrimination in public accommodations and juries, struck down by the Supreme Court in the 1883 Civil Rights Cases.
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (P.L. 85-315), first federal civil rights law since 1875; created the DOJ Civil Rights Division and a temporary Commission on Civil Rights and authorized voting-rights injunctions, though jury-trial compromises left it largely ineffective.
Civil Rights Act of 1968
The Civil Rights Act of 1968, also known as the Fair Housing Act, is a U.S. federal statute enacted in 1968 prescribing penalties and prohibiting housing discrimination.
Clark Amendment
The Clark Amendment, a US law enacted in 1976, barred American aid to any group fighting in Angola's civil war until its repeal in 1985.
Clean Air Act (United States)
The Clean Air Act, also known as the Muskie Act, is the United States federal law regulating air emissions from power plants, factories, and vehicles, first enacted in 1955.
Clean Water Act
The Clean Water Act (CWA), also called the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended in 1972, is the principal US water pollution law, built on NPDES point-source permits, Section 404 dredge-and-fill permits, and the contested 'waters of the United States' jurisdiction narrowed by Sackett v. EPA (2023).
Colombian Constitution of 1991
The Colombian Constitution of 1991 is the current supreme law of Colombia, replacing the 1886 Constitution. It defines the country as a social state under the rule of law.
Colombian constitutional reform of 1936
A 1936 amendment to Colombia's 1886 Constitution under President Alfonso López Pumarejo, establishing the social function of property and extending the vote to all men over 21.
Colombian constitutional reform of 1968
The Colombian constitutional reform of 1968 (Acto Legislativo 1 de 1968) amended the Constitution of 1886 under President Carlos Lleras Restrepo, strengthening the executive and state economic planning.
Colombian constitutional reform of 1990
The Colombian constitutional reform of 1990 was a court-validated, student-led process, the "séptima papeleta," that convened a constituent assembly which replaced the 1886 Constitution with the Constitution of 1991.
Colombian constitutional reform of 2017
The Colombian constitutional reform of 2017, enacted as Acto Legislativo 01 de 2017, incorporated the 2016 peace agreement with the FARC-EP into the Constitution of Colombia.
Common Rule
The Common Rule is the United States federal regulation setting ethical standards and informed consent requirements for research involving human subjects, first adopted in 1991.
Communications Decency Act
Communications Decency Act (CDA), Title V of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, US law regulating online indecency; its censorship provisions were struck down in Reno v. ACLU (1997), while Section 230 survives as platform liability immunity.