9,901 articles
Fraud
Fraud: deliberate deception for gain, prosecuted as crime and civil wrong. Covers legal definitions, securities fraud under Rule 10b-5, imposter scams ($3.5B US reported losses 2025), and AI-enabled fraud trends.
Fred M. Vinson
Fred M. Vinson (Frederick Moore Vinson, 1890–1953), 13th Chief Justice of the United States (1946–1953), former Kentucky congressman, D.C. Circuit judge, and Truman's Treasury Secretary who led the Bretton Woods institutions and died before Brown v. Board of Education was decided.
Fred the Head
Fred the Head is an unidentified white male murder victim found bound and buried kneeling in a shallow grave on a River Trent island at Burton upon Trent in March 1971, wearing pink socks and a gold wedding band; DNA suggests Hungarian or Danish descent, and he remains unidentified.
Fred Thompson
Fred Thompson, also known as Fred Dalton Thompson, was an American lawyer and actor who served as a United States senator from Tennessee from 1994 to 2003.
Fred W. Slaughter
Fred Wallace Slaughter, born 1973, is an American jurist serving as a US district judge for the Central District of California since 2022, appointed by President Biden.
Fred West
Fred West (Frederick Walter Stephen West, 1941–1995), English builder and serial killer who with wife Rosemary murdered 12 known victims, mostly at 25 Cromwell Street, Gloucester; he hanged himself at Winson Green prison on 1 January 1995 before trial.
Freddie Eugene Owens
Freddie Eugene Owens, also Khalil Divine Black Sun Allah, a South Carolina inmate executed September 20, 2024 by lethal injection, the state's first execution since 2011, for the 1997 murder of clerk Irene Graves.
Freddie Foreman
Freddie Foreman (1932-2026), English gangster and Kray twins enforcer known as Brown Bread Fred and the Undertaker, admitted killing Ginger Marks and Frank Mitchell, was jailed for disposing of Jack McVitie's body and for handling the Security Express robbery proceeds.
Freddie Glenn
Freddie Lee Glenn is an American murderer serving a life sentence for a 1975 Colorado Springs killing spree that killed at least three people, including Karen Grammer.
Frederic Block
Frederic Block, born in 1934, is an American senior United States district judge for the Eastern District of New York, appointed by President Clinton in 1994.
Frédéric Bourdin
Frédéric Bourdin (Le Caméléon), French serial impostor born 1974, posed as missing Texas teen Nicholas Barclay in 1997 at age 23, served six years in US prison, and repeated impersonations in France.
Frederick J. Kapala
Frederick J. Kapala (born 1950) is an American jurist who served as a United States district judge for the Northern District of Illinois from 2007 until 2019.
Frederick J. Martone
Frederick J. Martone (born 1943) is an American jurist serving as a senior United States district judge of the District of Arizona, appointed by President George W. Bush in 2001.
Frederick J. Scullin, Jr.
Frederick James Scullin, Jr. (born 1939) is an American jurist serving as a senior United States district judge for the Northern District of New York.
Frederick P. Stamp, Jr.
Frederick P. Stamp, Jr., also known as Frederick Pfarr Stamp, Jr., is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge in the Northern District of West Virginia since 1990.
Fredo Corleone
Fredo Corleone (Frederico Corleone) is the weak second son of Don Vito Corleone in Puzo's The Godfather, played by John Cazale; he betrays Michael in Part II and is killed on Michael's order.
Free City of Danzig
Free City of Danzig (Freie Stadt Danzig, Wolne Miasto Gdańsk): semi-autonomous Baltic city-state 1920–1939, created by the Treaty of Versailles under League of Nations protection with special ties to Poland; over 90% German, annexed by Nazi Germany in September 1939.
Free content
Free content, or free cultural works, is non-software work licensed so anyone can use, share, and remix it for any purpose; CC BY, CC BY-SA, and public domain tools like CC0 qualify, while NC and ND licenses do not.
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of assembly: the right to gather peacefully, guaranteed by ICCPR article 21 and the US First Amendment, with ODIHR/Venice Commission restriction standards and 2025 CIVICUS data on protest detentions in 82 countries.
Freedom of association
Freedom of association is the right to form, join, or refuse organizations such as unions, parties, and civil society groups, protected by ILO Convention 87, ICCPR Article 22, and ECHR Article 11, subject to restrictions prescribed by law and necessary in a democratic society.
Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention
ILO Convention No. 87 (1948), the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention: guarantees workers and employers the right to form organizations without prior authorization; 158 ratifications; ICJ 2026 opinion confirmed the right to strike.
Freedom of expression in India
Freedom of expression in India: a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(a), subject to eight restriction grounds in Article 19(2). Covers Shreya Singhal, Anuradha Bhasin, the 1975-77 Emergency censorship, internet shutdowns, and RSF press freedom rankings.
Freedom of Information Act (United States)
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552, the 1966 U.S. federal law giving any person the right to request federal agency records, subject to nine exemptions, a 20-business-day response deadline, and post-2016 foreseeable-harm withholding standard.
Freedom of movement
Freedom of movement: the right to travel within a state, leave any country, choose residence, and return home. Grounded in ICCPR Article 12, ECHR Protocol 4, EU free movement law, and the US right to travel.
Freedom of movement under United States law
Freedom of movement under United States law protects interstate and foreign travel through judge-made constitutional doctrine, keyed to Saenz v. Roe's three components, Shapiro v. Thompson, Kent v. Dulles, and strict scrutiny for penalties on travel.
Freedom of navigation
Freedom of navigation: law-of-the-sea principle under UNCLOS guaranteeing innocent passage in territorial seas, transit passage in international straits like Hormuz, and high-seas freedoms in EEZs, enforced by the US FON program since 1979.
Freedom of religion in India
Freedom of religion in India: constitutional right under Articles 25–28 in a secular republic, shaped by the essential practices doctrine, state anti-conversion laws, the CAA, and contested USCIRF assessments.
Freedom of religion in the United States
Freedom of religion in the United States rests on the First Amendment's Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses, Article VI's religious-test ban, RFRA and RLUIPA, and evolving Supreme Court doctrine from Everson and Lemon through Kennedy v. Bremerton.
Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech, also known as free expression, is the right to express opinions and information without censorship or state interference, recognized in international human rights law and limited only by restrictions provided by law.
Freedom of speech in the United States
Freedom of speech in the United States, protected by the First Amendment's Free Speech and Free Press Clauses, bars government restriction of expression except narrow categories like defamation, obscenity, and incitement, making US protection among the world's broadest.