9,901 articles
Freehold (law)
Freehold (law): an estate in land of free tenure and indeterminate duration, also called liberum tenementum; covers fee simple, fee tail, and life estates; in England and Wales one of two legal estates under the Law of Property Act 1925.
Freeway Ricky Ross
Freeway Ricky Ross is the nickname of Ricky Donnell Ross, an American drug trafficker whose Los Angeles crack network claimed up to $2 million a day in the 1980s.
French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh
French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh (Hiệp ước Versailles 1787): the 1787 Treaty of Versailles, Pigneau de Béhaine's embassy, promised versus delivered aid, French officers, and the treaty's role in later Franco-Vietnamese relations.
French Connection
The French Connection, also called La French, was a Corsican-run heroin trafficking network based in Marseille that supplied the United States until the early 1970s.
French Constitution of 1793
French Constitution of 1793 (Constitution montagnarde, Constitution of Year I): first republican French constitution, adopted 24 June 1793, ratified by France's first referendum, never applied; suspended 10 October 1793.
French contract law
French contract law is the body of rules governing contracts in France, set out in the Code civil and substantially rewritten by a 2016 reform, the first since 1804.
French expedition to Korea
French expedition to Korea (병인양요, Byeongin Yangyo), the 1866 punitive campaign by Admiral Roze's fleet that occupied Ganghwa Island to avenge nine executed French missionaries and was repelled at Jeongjoksan Fortress.
French land laws in Algeria
The French land laws in Algeria, chiefly the sénatus-consulte of 1863 and the Warnier Law of 1873, dismantled collective land tenure and opened Algerian land to European settlers.
French nationality law
French nationality law (droit de la nationalité française) governs who is French: attribution at birth by parentage or double jus soli, and later acquisition by declaration, decree, or automatically, including the 2026 B2 language and civic exam requirements.
French protectorate of Tunisia
French protectorate of Tunisia (Protectorat français de Tunisie), 1881-1956: regime established by the Treaty of Bardo and the 1883 La Marsa Convention, ruled through the Bey and a French Resident General, ending with independence on 20 March 1956.
Friedrich Julius Stahl
Friedrich Julius Stahl, born Julius Jolson-Uhlfelder, was a German jurist and conservative statesman who created the legal theory of the German-type constitutional monarchy in 1845.
Friedrich Martens
Friedrich Martens, also known as Fyodor Fyodorovich Martens, was an Estonian-born Russian jurist and diplomat who drafted the Martens Clause at the 1899 Hague Peace Conference.
Fritz Bauer
Fritz Bauer (1903–1968), German-Jewish jurist and Hessian attorney general; initiator of the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials (1963–1965), Remer trial prosecutor, and source of the tip leading to Adolf Eichmann's capture.
Fritz Haarmann
Fritz Haarmann (Friedrich Heinrich Karl Haarmann, 1879–1925), the "Butcher of Hanover" and "Werwolf von Hannover", murdered at least 24 young men in Hannover 1918–1924, was sentenced to death in December 1924, and beheaded 15 April 1925.
Fritz Honka
Fritz Honka (Friedrich Paul Honka, 1935–1998) was a German serial killer, the "Frauenmörder von St. Pauli," who murdered four women in Hamburg between 1970 and 1975, hid dismembered remains in his Zeißstraße attic, and inspired Strunk's novel and Akin's film The Golden Glove.
Fritzl case
Fritzl case: Amstetten, Austria, 2008 discovery that Josef Fritzl held daughter Elisabeth captive 24 years in a windowless cellar, fathering seven children; 2009 life sentence.
Frivolous litigation
Frivolous litigation: baseless lawsuits or motions brought without legal or factual merit, often to harass or delay. Key US deterrents are FRCP Rule 11 sanctions, 28 U.S.C. 1927, state rules like NY Part 130, and anti-SLAPP statutes.
Frog Boys (개구리소년)
Frog Boys (개구리소년): five Daegu elementary school boys, ages 9 to 13, who vanished on Mount Waryong on March 26, 1991 while hunting salamander eggs; about 320,000 personnel searched, remains were found in 2002 showing signs of murder, and the case remains unsolved.
Frohwerk v. United States
Frohwerk v. United States, 249 U.S. 204 (1919), Supreme Court case upholding the Espionage Act conviction of German-language editor Jacob Frohwerk for antiwar articles, decided unanimously by Holmes alongside Schenck and Debs.
From Hell letter
The From Hell letter, or Lusk letter, received 16 October 1888 by George Lusk of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee with half a human kidney, is the most debated Jack the Ripper letter; unlike Dear Boss and Saucy Jacky it avoids the Ripper name and shows no linguistic link to them.
Frotteurism
Frotteurism, also called frotteuristic disorder (ICD-11 6D34), is a paraphilic disorder involving sexual arousal from rubbing against non-consenting people in crowded public places; classified since DSM-III-R 1987, prevalence roughly 8-10% of males.
Fruit of the poisonous tree
Fruit of the poisonous tree is a US criminal procedure doctrine barring evidence derived from illegally obtained evidence, established in 1920 and named by Justice Frankfurter in 1939.
Fuero
Fuero: Iberian legal term for local law, customary law, jurisdiction, or granted privileges; earliest grants in León 999–1027; Navarre and Basque foral regimes survive via Ley Paccionada 1841 and concierto económico.
Fugitive
A fugitive is a person evading arrest, prosecution, or custody. Also called fugitive from justice (18 U.S.C. 921). Distinguished from ordinary travelers by intent to avoid legal process; subject to extradition, disentitlement, and benefit bars.
Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 (1 Stat. 302), signed by Washington on February 12, 1793, was the first federal fugitive slave law, letting claimants seize alleged runaways before any magistrate without jury trial, enabling kidnappings of free Black people, upheld in Prigg v. Pennsylvania, and repealed June 28, 1864.
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 (9 Stat. 462), Compromise of 1850 statute strengthening capture and return of escaped enslaved people via federal commissioners, $10/$5 fees, $1,000 fines for aiders; resisted in the North, repealed 1864.
Fuhrman tapes
The Fuhrman tapes are 1985-1994 recordings of LAPD detective Mark Fuhrman by screenwriter Laura Hart McKinny, whose racial slurs and boasts of police misconduct contradicted his O.J. Simpson trial testimony.
Fulbright Program
The Fulbright Program, also called the Fulbright Act program, is the U.S. government's flagship academic exchange program, founded in 1946 by Senator J. William Fulbright, funding about 8,000 annual grants across 160+ countries, with 400,000 alumni, binational commissions, and the Fulbright-Hays counterpart programs.
Full Faith and Credit Clause
The Full Faith and Credit Clause, Article IV, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution, requires states to honor other states' public acts, records, and judgments, with congressional implementation under 28 U.S.C. § 1738.
Full powers (international law)
Full powers, in international treaty law, are a document authorizing a named person to represent a state in concluding a treaty, governed by the 1969 Vienna Convention.