9,901 articles
Ian Campbell, 11th Duke of Argyll
Ian Douglas Campbell, 11th Duke of Argyll (1903–1973), Scottish peer and Clan Campbell chief; four marriages including Margaret Whigham; the 1963 'headless man' divorce scandal; POW 1940–45; inherited dukedom 1949.
Ian Robertson, Lord Robertson
Ian Robertson, Lord Robertson (1912–2005), Scottish Senator of the College of Justice 1966–87, knighted 1976, WWII Royal Scots captain, presided over the 1974 Jessie McTavish murder trial whose conviction was overturned.
Ibn 'Ali ibn Jullabi Wasiti
Ibn 'Ali ibn Jullabi Wasiti (الجلابي الواسطي) was a Maliki hadith transmitter and deputy judge of Wasit in twelfth-century Iraq, born 1064 and died 1147.
Ibn al-Murabit
Ibn al-Murabit (ابن المرابط), full name Muhammad ibn Khalaf ibn Sa'id al-Andalusi, was a Maliki jurist and qadi of Almería who died in 1092, remembered for a lost commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari.
Ibn al-Rutabi
Ibn al-Rutabi (ابن الرطبي) was a Shafi'i jurist, qadi, and market inspector of Baghdad, born 460 AH, who taught the children of the Abbasid caliphs.
Ibn Darbas (Shafi'i chief judge of Egypt, d. 1208)
Ibn Darbas (ابن درباس) was a Shafi'i jurist and chief judge of Egypt under Ayyubid rule, appointed in 1171 and removed in 1194, dying in 1208.
Ibn Faras Andalusi
Ibn Faras Andalusi (ابن الفرس, Ibn al-Faras) was a twelfth-century Maliki jurist of Granada, remembered as the shaykh of Granada's Malikis, who died in 1201.
ICC arrest warrants for Israeli leaders
ICC arrest warrants issued 21 November 2024 for Israeli leaders Benjamin Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant, plus Hamas commander Mohammed Deif, for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Gaza; unexecuted, contested on jurisdiction, and targeted by US sanctions.
ICSID Review
ICSID Review - Foreign Investment Law Journal: peer-reviewed journal of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, published on Oxford Academic since spring 1986, covering foreign investment law and investment dispute settlement in English, French, and Spanish.
Ida Straus
Rosalie Ida Straus (née Blun, 1849–1912), wife of Macy's co-owner Isidor Straus, died on the Titanic after refusing Lifeboat 8 to stay with her husband; her body was never recovered.
Iddah (العدة)
Iddah (العدة, iddat) is the Islamic waiting period a woman observes after divorce or her husband's death before remarrying: three menstrual cycles or three months for a divorcee, four months and ten days for a widow, delivery if pregnant, codified in Muslim personal status laws.
Idea-expression dichotomy
The idea-expression dichotomy is the copyright principle that protection extends only to an author's specific expression, never the underlying ideas, procedures, systems, or methods a work conveys.
Ideal Maternity Home
Ideal Maternity Home (IMH), East Chester, Nova Scotia, 1928 to mid-1940s: commercial maternity and adoption home run by William and Lila Young, linked to the "Butterbox Babies" scandal, black-market adoptions, and Nova Scotia child-welfare reforms.
Identification of customary international law
Identification of customary international law is the methodological question of how courts verify a rule of custom exists, codified in the ILC's 2018 Draft Conclusions requiring a general practice accepted as law.
Identity Cards Act 2006
Identity Cards Act 2006 (c. 15), UK legislation receiving Royal Assent 30 March 2006, created the National Identity Register and a biometric ID card framework; repealed by the Identity Documents Act 2010, with cards invalid from 21 January 2011.
Identity documents in the United States
Identity documents in the United States: birth certificates, Social Security cards, driver's licenses, passports, and mobile IDs. No national ID card exists; REAL ID (2005, enforced May 7, 2025) and NIST SP 800-63 identity proofing define federal standards.
Identity theft
Identity theft: wrongful obtaining and use of another person's personal data for fraud or deception, typically economic gain. Also called identity fraud; defined in 18 U.S.C. § 1028(a)(7), measured by FTC complaints and NCVS surveys.
Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices
Ideological leanings of US Supreme Court justices: liberal-conservative positions measured via Martin-Quinn scores (1937-present), Segal-Cover values, and common-space scores; party-ideology alignment since 2010, drift, and polarization.
Ignacio Coronel Villarreal
Ignacio "Nacho" Coronel Villarreal (1954–2010), Sinaloa Cartel leader and "King of Crystal" meth trafficker, killed by the Mexican army in Zapopan, Jalisco on 29 July 2010; his death spurred CJNG's rise.
Ignorantia juris non excusat
Ignorantia juris non excusat, also ignorantia legis non excusat, is the Latin maxim that ignorance of the law does not excuse, rooted in Roman law and expressed in codes such as Spain's Civil Code Article 6.1, with limited mistake-of-law exceptions.
Ilana K. D. Rovner
Ilana K. D. Rovner, born Ilana Kara Diamond Rovner, is an American jurist and senior judge of the Seventh Circuit, the first woman appointed to that court in 1992.
Ilbert Bill
The Ilbert Bill (Criminal Procedure Amendment Code Bill) of 1883, drafted by Sir Courtenay Ilbert under Viceroy Lord Ripon, would have let Indian judges try Europeans in British India's districts; European protest forced a 1884 compromise with half-European juries, fueling Indian nationalism and the 1885 Indian National Congress.
Illegal drug trade
The illegal drug trade is the global underground economy of producing, trafficking, and selling prohibited psychoactive substances, governed by the 1912, 1961, 1971, and 1988 UN drug conventions; UNODC estimates continued expansion of cocaine and methamphetamine markets alongside declining opiate supply.
Illegal drug trade in Colombia
Illegal drug trade in Colombia: the cocaine-centered illicit economy making Colombia the world's leading cocaine producer, with 253,000 hectares of coca in 2023, Medellín and Cali cartel history, Plan Colombia, and record seizures.
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
IIRIRA, also called the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (Division C of P.L. 104-208), is a U.S. statute signed September 30, 1996 that created expedited removal, unlawful-presence bars (3 and 10 years), restricted judicial review, and tightened relief from deportation.
Illegality and public policy in contract law
Illegality and public policy in contract law: doctrines refusing enforcement of contracts involving crimes, statutory prohibitions, or conduct contrary to public policy. Modern English approach set by Patel v Mirza (2016) range-of-factors test, replacing the reliance rule of Tinsley v Milligan.
Illinois Appellate Court
The Illinois Appellate Court is the state's intermediate appellate court, organized into five districts seated in Chicago, Elgin, Ottawa, Springfield, and Mount Vernon, with 54 judges hearing circuit court appeals in three-judge panels.
Illinois Department of Corrections
Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC), the Illinois state prison agency, established January 1, 1970; headquartered in Springfield, led by Director Latoya Hughes; runs adult facilities, parole, and reentry programs distinct from Indiana's IDOC.
ILO fundamental labour conventions
The ILO fundamental labor conventions are International Labour Organization treaties covering freedom of association, forced labor, child labor, discrimination, and workplace safety, binding all member states whether or not they ratify.
ImClone stock trading case
ImClone stock trading case: December 2001 insider selling after the FDA refused Erbitux's application. Samuel Waksal tipped family who sold $10M+, was sentenced to 87 months; Martha Stewart was convicted of obstruction, not insider trading.