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Immigration Act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924, also called the Johnson-Reed Act or National Origins Act (Public Law 68-139), set national-origins quotas of 2% of the 1890 census, capped Eastern Hemisphere immigration, and barred Asian immigrants until the 1965 Hart-Celler repeal.
Immigration and crime
Immigration and crime is a field of research examining how immigration affects criminal offending, finding that immigrants commit crimes at rates similar to or lower than native-born populations.
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, or McCarran-Walter Act, is the foundational U.S. immigration statute, enacted over Truman's veto; it kept national origins quotas, ended Asian exclusion, and added ideological exclusion and Section 212(f).
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (Hart–Celler Act, PL 89-236), signed October 3, 1965, abolished national-origins quotas, created hemispheric caps and family-first preferences, and reshaped U.S. immigrant origins toward Asia and Latin America.
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB; Commission de l'immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada), Canada's largest independent administrative tribunal, established 1989, decides refugee claims, appeals, admissibility hearings, and detention reviews through four divisions under IRPA.
Immigration detentions of U.S. citizens in the second Trump administration
Immigration detentions of U.S. citizens in the second Trump administration: ICE and other federal agents holding American citizens during 2025-2026 enforcement operations; ProPublica counted 506 cases, the government denies a pattern.
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA), Public Law 99-603, signed November 6, 1986: banned knowingly hiring unauthorized immigrants, created Form I-9 verification, and legalized about 2.7 million people.
Immunity from prosecution (international law)
Immunity from prosecution in international law shields state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction: personal immunity for heads of state and foreign ministers while in office, functional immunity for official acts, with contested exceptions for international crimes under ILC draft Article 7.
Immunity of international organizations
Immunity of international organizations shields intergovernmental organizations and their officials from national court process under treaty-based, functionally grounded rules distinct from State immunity; key instruments include the 1946 and 1947 UN privileges conventions, with Waite-Kennedy and Jam v IFC limits.
Immurement
Immurement (Medieval Latin immurare, "to wall in") is sealing a person alive in an enclosure to die, used as execution, human sacrifice, or voluntary ascetic practice; known from Roman Vestal punishment and medieval religious enclosure.
Imo Incident (임오군란)
The Imo Incident (임오군란, Imo-gunran), also called the Imo Mutiny, was a July 1882 soldiers' revolt in Seoul against the Min clan government and Japanese legation, shifting power to the Daewongun and triggering Qing and Japanese intervention.
Impalement
Impalement: execution by driving a stake through the body, Old Persian uzmayāpati kar. Attested in Neo-Assyrian warfare and law, Achaemenid Persia (Bisotun), and Vlad III Dracula's 15th-century Wallachia; forensics also uses the term for perforating rod injuries.
Impeachment
Impeachment is a legislature's formal charge of misconduct against a government official, leading to a trial and possible removal from office. Originated in England's 1376 Good Parliament; in the U.S. the House impeaches by majority and the Senate convicts by two-thirds; impeached U.S. presidents (Johnson, Clinton, Trump) were all acquitted.
Impeachment controversies involving Supreme Court justices
Three US Supreme Court justices have faced serious impeachment action: Samuel Chase, impeached in 1804 and acquitted in 1805; Abe Fortas; and William O. Douglas.
Impeachment of judges in the United States
Impeachment of judges in the United States is the constitutional process by which Congress removes federal judges; 15 have been impeached since 1803, and 8 convicted.
Impeachment of Park Geun-hye
Impeachment of Park Geun-hye (박근혜 탄핵): South Korea's National Assembly impeached President Park on December 9, 2016 over the Choi Soon-sil scandal, and the Constitutional Court unanimously removed her on March 10, 2017, the first such removal in Korean history.
Impeachment of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia
The 2018 impeachment effort by West Virginia's House of Delegates against all four sitting justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals over a $3 million office-renovation spending scandal; voided by the state court.
Imperator
Imperator, Latin "commander", was a Roman honorific saluted to victorious generals, first recorded for Scipio in Iberia, later the emperor's praenomen and root of "emperor".
Imperium
Imperium was the supreme executive power of the Roman state, distinct from the lesser potestas, held by consuls, praetors, and dictators, and covering military command and the death penalty.
Implementation of international obligations in national law
Implementation of international obligations in national law is the legislative, executive, and administrative measures by which a state gives its treaty duties effect domestically, distinct from ratification.
Imprisonment of Imran Khan
Imprisonment of Imran Khan: detention of Pakistan's ex-PM Imran Ahmad Khan Niazi at Adiala Jail, Rawalpindi, since 2023, after Toshakhana, cipher, graft and marriage convictions, several later overturned, with UN findings of arbitrary detention.
Imprisonment of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Imprisonment of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva: the former Brazilian president's 2018–2019 detention in Curitiba after Car Wash corruption convictions, his release, and the 2021 annulment of the cases.
In Cold Blood
In Cold Blood is Truman Capote's 1966 nonfiction novel about the 1959 Clutter family murders in Holcomb, Kansas, researched with Harper Lee, serialized in The New Yorker, and regarded as foundational to modern true crime.
In loco parentis
In loco parentis, Latin for "in the place of a parent," is a common law doctrine letting schools, relatives, or institutions assume parental duties such as discipline, care, and consent, rooted in Blackstone's 1765 formulation.
In pari delicto
In pari delicto, Latin for "in equal fault," is an equitable defense in tort and contract law barring a plaintiff's recovery for a wrong the plaintiff participated in, with exceptions such as the adverse interest exception and statutory override.
In rem jurisdiction
In rem jurisdiction is a court's power over a thing or property, Latin 'against the thing', producing judgments binding all the world; distinct from in personam and quasi in rem jurisdiction and reshaped by Shaffer v. Heitner's minimum contacts standard.
Inagawa-kai (稲川会)
Inagawa-kai (稲川会), a Tokyo-based Japanese designated boryokudan founded around 1949 by Seijo Inagawa in Atami; one of Japan's three largest yakuza syndicates with the Yamaguchi-gumi and Sumiyoshi-kai, once described as second-largest at over 8,600 members.
Inca law
Inca law was the unwritten, customary legal order of the Inca state of Tawantinsuyu, based on oral tradition and aimed at preserving the empire's social and political equilibrium.
Incarceration in the United States
Incarceration in the United States is the confinement of people in federal and state prisons and locally run jails, with probation and parole serving as community supervision.
Inchoate offense
Inchoate offense: also called inchoate crime or unfinished crime, a criminal offense punishing conduct before a target crime is completed, chiefly attempt, conspiracy, and solicitation, with renunciation defenses and double inchoate extensions in some jurisdictions.